Realization of Universal Active Complex Filter Using CCIIs and CFCCIIs

In this paper, two universal building blocks for complex filter using CCIIs, CFCCIIs, grounded resistors and grounded capacitors are presented. These can be used to realize various complex bandpass filters with arbitrary order. The paper shows that the response error of the proposed circuit caused by nonideality of active components is more easily compensated than that of the conventional one employing op-amps, and that the sensitivities for all components are relatively small. Experimental results are used for verifying the validity of the proposed circuits.     

O-Glycan-Dependent Interaction between MUC1 Glycopeptide and MY.1E12 Antibody by NMR,Molecular Dynamics and Docking Simulations

Anti-mucin1 (MUC1) antibodies have been widely used for breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. This is based on the fact that MUC1 undergoes aberrant glycosylation upon cancer progression, and anti-MUC1 antibodies differentiate changes in glycan structure. MY.1E12 is a promising anti-MUC1 antibody with a distinct specificity toward MUC1 modified with an immature O-glycan (NeuAcα(2-3)Galβ(1-3)GalNAc) on a specific Thr. However, the structural basis for the interaction between MY.1E12 and MUC1 remains unclear. The aim of this study is to elucidate the mode of interaction between MY.1E12 and MUC1 O-glycopeptide by NMR, molecular dynamics (MD) and docking simulations. NMR titration using MUC1 O-glycopeptides suggests that the epitope is located within the O-linked glycan and near the O-glycosylation site. MD simulations of MUC1 glycopeptide showed that the O-glycosylation significantly limits the flexibility of the peptide backbone and side chain of the O-glycosylated Thr. Docking simulations using modeled MY.1E12 Fv and MUC1 O-glycopeptide, suggest that V_H mainly contributes to the recognition of the MUC1 peptide portion while V_L mainly binds to the O-glycan part. The V_H/V_L-shared recognition mode of this antibody may be used as a template for the rational design and development of anti-glycopeptide antibodies.     

Interfacial polymerization preparation of functional paper coated with polyamide film containing volatile essential oil

An interfacial polymerization reaction was used to coat a functional paper with a polyamide film containing volatile essential oil (VEO) composites. The components of the VEO extract were linalool, α‐terpineol, carveol, carvone, perillaldehyde and valencene. Preparing the polyamide film by an interfacial polymerization reaction eliminated the need for microcapsule preparation and coating with a binder, which are typically used in functional paper preparation. The interfacial polymerization involved immersing a filter paper impregnated with an oil‐in‐water emulsion of ethylenediamine and VEO in a cyclohexane solution of terephthaloyl chloride. This successfully fixed the polyamide film containing the VEO on the paper surface. Release of VEO fragrance from the paper surface was studied, and the paper showed sustained release of the VEO. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

Fluid-rock interaction processes in the Te Kopia geothermal field (New Zealand) revealed by SEM-CL imaging

Scanning electron microscopy-cathodoluminescence (SEM-CL) imaging of hydrothermal quartz exposed by weathering in the Te Kopia geothermal field (New Zealand) has revealed a history of crystal growth, dissolution, overprinting and fracturing that cannot be detected using other observational techniques (e.g. transmitted or reflected light microscopy, back-scattered electron imaging or secondary electron imaging). The crystals initially grew as CL-dark quartz, at least 350 m below their present location on the Paeroa Fault scarp, in a neutral pH, 215±10 °C liquid reservoir (inferred from the analysis of primary liquid fluid inclusions: mean T_h of 213 °C; 0.2–0.4 wt.% NaCl_eq.). Relict quartz–adularia–illite alteration occurs at the surface, in the vicinity of the quartz crystals, and in drillcores from the nearby TK-1 exploration well. Repeated movement on the Paeroa Fault uplifted pyroclastic rocks hosting the quartz crystals, but also provided pathways for “pulses” of hot fluids to move through the system. Quartz precipitation occurred at the edge of the crystals as the reservoir fluids cooled, as indicated by micron-scale alternating CL-dark/CL-bright quartz growth bands, which contain fluid inclusions with T_h values of 210±40 °C. Pressure fluctuations were the likely cause of dissolution, marked by corroded crystal edges, with subsequent precipitation of quartz into open space. SEM-CL imaging shows that the quartz crystals contain healed fractures, which trapped low salinity fluids with T_h values of 201±6 °C. Low-pH fluids in the near-surface setting also rounded the quartz crystals, and coated them with kaolinite and CL-grey amorphous “silica residue”.     

Industrial diversity and metropolitan unemployment rate

The main goal of our study is to evaluate whether or not industrial diversity helps reduce the frictional unemployment rate of a metropolitan area. We used a data set from Japan’s 118 metropolitan areas. Our analysis shows that although industrial diversity might reduce the frictional unemployment rate of a metropolitan area, its effect is not statistically significant in our model. Second, the location quotient for industries, considered to be related to types of unemployment other than frictional, has a stronger impact on unemployment rate than industrial diversity does. In particular, it was found that the location quotients for both the manufacturing and the construction industry have a negative relationship with the unemployment rate of a metropolitan area. We also discovered that the higher the percentage of graduates of post-secondary institutions there are in a metropolitan area, the lower its unemployment rate will be.

Fundamental study on applications of damage mechanics to evaluation of material degradation

Damage mechanics theory based on continuum mechanics has recently been attracting attention. This branch of physics describes the mechanical behavior of materials damaged through the production of microscopic voids. Nuclear structural components during operation seldom generate such voids. Damage mechanical theory may be of use for evaluating microscopic material behavior, and confirmation of this point was the purpose of this study. A comparison was made of calculation results, using constitutive equations of Chow and Wang, and of Lemaitre to describe ductile behavior of notched tension bars. The results were also compared with experimental results.     

Fundamental electromagnetic characteristics of magnetically anisotropic damper-wedges

A magnetically anisotropic conductor was applied to the damper-wedge which acts as a slot wedge and damper bar in electrical rotating machinery. This conductor is composed of copper-clad steel wires of 1.6 mm diameter aligned in the same radial direction. This means permeability in the direction of the wires, i.e., the thickness direction of the damper-wedge, is larger than the permeability perpendicular to this direction, and electrical conductivity is good. To evaluate the electromagnetic characteristics, a trial damper-wedge, 1.2 m in length and with a steel space factor of 40 percent to total volume, was manufactured and maintained in a standstill model iron core. Test results were as follows when the magnetically anisotropic damper-wedge was employed. (1) As the magnetic flux flowed well in the radial direction, the flux distribution at the core slot portion was flattened. Consequently, the ripple amplitude became small and the average flux density increased compared with cases when the nonmagnetic or magnetic isotropic conductor is used. (2) The damper-wedge had a smaller skin effect for ac current than a conventional copper damper bar. The losses concentration for the damper system was relieved so that better machine performance under heavy load condition would be obtained.     

Ion mass separation by use of spatial cyclotron resonance

Spatial cyclotron resonance of an ion beam in a wavy magnetic field is investigated to realize the separation of stable isotopes. To perform the experiment, a surface-ionizing lithium ion beam source, which is collisionless and charge-neutralized, has been developed. A wavy magnetic field is produced by setting two magnet-arrays face to face. At the resonance condition, clear scattering of the lithium ion beam is observed and the concentration of ⁶Li is obtained on a target.