容灾技术在移动智能网中的应用研究

容灾技术对于关键业务服务系统的运行保障有非常重要的作用.本文首先介绍了容灾体系的构成及其关键技术--远程数据复制,然后结合电信网络中的关键业务系统--移动智能网,对容灾技术的应用进行了分析,提出了基于数据库实现远程数据复制的移动智能网容灾方案,最后还对容灾技术的发展趋势及其在移动智能网中的应用前景进行了简要介绍.     

Device technologies for RF front-end circuits in next-generation wireless communications

Next-generation high data rate wireless communication systems offer completely new ways to access information and services. To provide higher data speed and data bandwidth, RF transceivers in next-generation communications are expected to offer higher RF performance in both transmitting and receiving circuitry to meet quality of service. The semiconductor device technologies chosen will depend greatly on the tradeoffs between manufacturing cost and circuit performance requirements, as well as on variations in system architecture. It is hard to find a single semiconductor device technology that offers a total solution to RF transceiver building blocks in terms of system-on-chip integration. The choices of device technologies for each constituent component are important and complicated issues. We review the general performance requirement of key components for RF transceivers for next-generation wireless communications. State-of-the-art high-speed transistor technologies are presented to assess the capabilities and limitations of each technology in the arena of high data rate wireless communications. The pros and cons of each technology are presented and the feasible semiconductor device technologies for next-generation RF transceivers can be chosen upon the discretion of system integrators.     

A nonuniform FDTD technique for efficient analysis of propagationcharacteristics of optical-fiber waveguides

In this paper, we present a highly efficient one-dimensional cylindrical nonuniform finite-difference time-domain (1-D CNUFDTD) method, which utilizes the unsplit anisotropic perfectly matched layer (APML) for mesh truncation along the radial direction to analyze axisymmetric optical-fiber waveguides. As a first step, we validate the proposed FDTD algorithm by analyzing a uniform dielectric waveguide of circular cross section and show that the results are in excellent agreement with the conventional mode theory solutions. Next, we apply the algorithm to analyze propagation characteristics of a number of commonly used optical-fiber waveguides, i.e., step-index multimode, graded-index multimode, and single-mode step-index configurations     

Surface graft copolymerization enhanced adhesion of an epoxy-basedprinted circuit board substrate (FR-4) to copper

The lamination of surface modified printed circuit board (PCB) substrate, FR-4(R), from argon plasma pretreatment and UV-induced graft copolymerization with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), to copper foil was carried out at elevated temperature and in the presence of an epoxy adhesive. The structure and chemical composition of the graft copolymerized surfaces and interfaces of the glass fiber-reinforced and epoxy-based FR-4 substrates were studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The effects of the plasma pretreatment time, the UV illumination time, as well as the curing temperature, on the adhesion strength between the FR-4 substrate and copper were investigated. The assemblies involving GMA graft copolymerized FR-4, or the FR-4-GMA/epoxy resin/Cu assemblies, exhibited a significantly higher interfacial adhesion strength and reliability, in comparison to those assemblies in which only epoxy adhesive alone was used. The enhanced adhesion in the assemblies involving GMA graft copolymerized substrate arises from the fact that the covalently tethered GMA graft chains on the FR-4 surface can become covalently incorporated into the epoxy resin, resulting in the toughening of the epoxy matrix and increased interaction with copper     

A higher order (2,4) scheme for reducing dispersion in FDTDalgorithm

A finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) scheme with second-order accuracy in time and fourth-order in space is discussed for the solution of Maxwell's equations in the time domain. Compared with the standard Yee (1966) FDTD algorithm, the higher order scheme reduces the numerical dispersion and anisotropy and has improved stability. Dispersion analysis indicates that the frequency band in which the higher order scheme yields an accurate solution is widened on the same grid, this means a larger space increment can be chosen for the same excitation. Numerical results show the applications of the scheme in modeling wide-band electromagnetic phenomena on a coarse grid     

Analysis and design of electronic transformers for electric powerdistribution system

A transformer performs many functions such as voltage transformation, isolation and noise decoupling, and it is an indispensable component in electric power distribution systems. However, at low frequencies (60/50 Hz), it is a bulky and expensive component. In this paper, the concept of electronic transformers is further extended and explored for its suitability in power distribution systems. It should be noted that from the input/output behavior, the electronic transformer and the conventional transformer are identical. Possible topologies employing static converters connected on the primary and secondary sides are explored to realize high-frequency operation of the magnetic core. To assist the commutation process, a four-step switching has been developed which does not require the use of snubbers. Reduced size, losses, higher efficiency, and better voltage regulation are some of the advantages of this approach. A 10 kVA design example along with experiment results are discussed. It is shown that a transformer designed with a conventional grain-oriented silicon-steel core can process three times the power at 1 kHz operating frequency as compared to 60 Hz. The proposed method is scalable in voltage/current with the currently available insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) devices connected in series without special snubbers     

偏心椭圆高斯光束

在椭圆高斯光束横坐标中引入复数偏移量,将其推广为偏心椭圆高斯光束。在垂直于ｚ轴截面内强度分布仍然是椭圆高斯函数分布,在传播方向上光束峰值强度沿直线分布,波前也存在横向位移。对偏心椭圆高斯光束经一阶光学系统的变换关系进行了定量推导。对传播方向偏离ｚ轴的椭圆高斯光束经薄透镜传播时的特例进行了讨论。     

A new initialization method of cluster centers

The problem of parameters selection for potential function used to initialize cluster centers is discussed, and two formulas are given for determining these parameters. Then a new potential function to initialize cluster centers is also given which is computational effective. Finally, a set of compared experiments is presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed methods.     

A movable safety zone scheme in urban fiber-optic microcellularsystems

We consider an urban fiber-optic microcellular system in which a cigar-shaped cell consists of several microzones with their own antenna sites connected to a central station through optical fibers. To increase the efficiency of radio resources and reduce unnecessary handoffs between microzones, we propose a movable safety zone scheme. A safety zone is a virtually guarded area that does not permit cochannel interference. Outside the safety zone, cochannels can be reused. The safety zone can move under the condition that its user does not meet cochannel interference as he moves to an adjacent microzone. Considering user mobility characteristics in the cigar-shaped cell, we analyze and evaluate the proposed system in terms of intracell and intercell handoff rates, blocking probability, intracell call-dropping probability, and channel reuse parameter. The proposed system can handle a traffic capacity of about 12 Erlangs for seven traffic channels under a call blocking probability of 1% and generates a negligible number of intracell handoffs compared with those of intercell handoffs     

Satellite UMTS/IMT2000 W-CDMA air interfaces

The third-generation IMT-2000 initiative of the International Telecommunication Union is aiming at the provision of a limited family of global standards providing worldwide multimedia wireless services in a host of environments encompassing indoor picocells to satellite megacells. The ITU IMT-2000 initiative has been supported by several regional standardization bodies such as the European Telecommunication Standard Institute with its Universal Mobile Telecommunication System. In this article a few air interface proposals for the satellite component of UMTS/IMT-2000 based on adaptation of the emerging terrestrial wideband CDMA standards are reviewed. In particular, S-UMTS requirements are examined together with W-CDMA applicability to the satellite environment. It is shown that with minor adaptations, the terrestrial W-CDMA air interface provides an efficient solution for the satellite UMTS component. This commonality will certainly help in the realization of low-cost low-size dual-mode user terminals encompassing both terrestrial and satellite components