Mapping the dynamics of research networks in ecology and evolution using co-citation analysis (1975–2014)

Scientometrics - In this paper we used a co-citation network analysis to quantify and illustrate the dynamic patterns of research in ecology and evolution over 40 years (1975–2014)....     

On the role of particles distribution on damage and fatigue mechanisms

Damage and fatigue properties of steel grades are often related to particles shape and chemical composition. To understand the role of particles on damage and fatigue mechanisms numerical modelling at the microscale level can be helpful. It is shown here how forging can induce an oriented microstructure (grain flow orientation) that induces anisotropic damage and fatigue behaviour. Then a microstructure builder (DIGIMICRO) is presented to illustrate how it is possible to create a realistic microstructure in an elementary volume. Computations performed within this heterogeneous elementary volume can be used to understand the anisotropy induced by particles shape and orientation.     

Modelling of an infrared halogen lamp in a rapid thermal system

The heat flux distribution of an infrared halogen lamp in a Rapid Thermal Processing (RTP) equipment is studied. An overview of lamp modelling in RTP systems is given and for the first time, the infrared lamp bank is modelled by taking into consideration with accuracy a lamp portion in the bank environment. A three-dimensional (3D) lamp model, with a fine filament representation is largely presented. The model assumptions are in particular exposed with focusing on the thermal boundary conditions. The lamp temperature is calculated by solving the radiative heat transfer equation by means of the Monte-Carlo method for ray tracing. Numerical calculations are performed with the finite volume method. A very good agreement is found with experimental data in steady state. The heat amount provided by the lamp is also determined. As a first development, transient calculations are performed with the validated model and the dynamic behaviour of the lamp during heating process is determined with precision. Lastly, the model is discussed and further developments are proposed.     

Development and validation of a 3D computational tool to describe concrete behaviour at mesoscale. Application to the alkali-silica reaction

A finite element analysis of the large deformation of three-dimensional polycrystals is presented using pixel-based finite elements as well as finite elements conforming with grain boundaries. The macroscopic response is obtained through volume-averaging laws. A constitutive framework for elasto-viscoplastic response of single crystals is utilized along with a fully-implicit Lagrangian finite element algorithm for modeling microstructure evolution. The effect of grain size is included by considering a physically motivated measure of lattice incompatibility which provides an updated shearing resistance within grains. A domain decomposition approach is adopted for parallel computation to allow efficient large scale simulations. Conforming grids are adopted to simulate flexible and complex shapes of grains. The computed mechanical properties of polycrystals are shown to be consistent with experimental results for different grain sizes.     

Uniaxial alignment of nanoconfined columnar mesophases

By confining discotic phthalocyanines in a network of crisscrossed nanogrooves, we obtain a uniaxial alignment of the columnar mesophase. The alignment process is based on the anisotropy of interface tension between the mesophase and the nanogrooves' walls. Preferential mesophase alignment results from this nonhomogeneity combined with the anisotropy of the network cell dimensions. A simple model is proposed to explain the experimental observations.