The effect of washing process on the cracking of ZrO2 microspheres by internal gelation

ZrO₂ microspheres are widely used as a simulant of UO₂ in the development of nuclear fuel. However, the cracking of ZrO₂ microspheres prepared by internal gelation is still a challenge during drying and sintering processes. To address this issue, we designed and optimized the washing process for obtaining crack-free ZrO₂ microspheres. Through thermogravimetric, infrared, Raman, BET, and SEM analysis, it is shown that the cracking of the microspheres is mainly related to the pores in microspheres. The washing solvent with low surface tension is used to reduce the effect of capillary force on pore shrinkage. Therefore, the optimal washing process was designed as trichloroethylene (TCE)—0.5 M NH₃.H₂O—Propylene glycol methyl ether (PM) and gel microspheres with a high specific surface area of 315.3 m²/g and pore volume of 0.4125 cm³/g were obtained. The characterizations also further showed that when the microspheres were dried and sintered, the water vapor and the decomposition gas of organic matter were completely released from the pores in the microspheres. Our new washing process could be directly extended for preparing crack-free ceramic microspheres by internal gelation.     

High extinction-ratio microstructure fiber based on chalcogenide glasses

Extinction ratio (ER) is one of the important parameters to characterize the polarization-maintaining (PM) performance of the fiber. In this paper, we report the preparation and properties of a novel chalcogenide microstructure fiber with a high ER. We fabricate a preform using a peeled-off extrusion method. The core and cladding material of the fiber are Ge₉As₂₃Se₆₈ and Ge₁₀As₂₂Se₆₈. The preform was drawn into a fiber with an average ER of −17.08 dB. The loss of the fiber is less than 2 dB over 5.20–8.55 μm, and the minimum loss of the fiber is 0.57 dB/m at 6.2 μm. Moreover, a flat mid-infrared supercontinuum spectrum spanning from 1.53 to 12.50 μm is generated by pumping an 18-cm-long PM fiber for the first time.     

热扰动冲击下的高温超导电缆失超恢复特性

高温超导(HTS)电缆在运行过程中,不可避免会遇到热扰动冲击,当热扰动能量足够大时会引起高温超导电缆的局部失超,并沿着电缆轴向传播.该文通过建立等效电路模型和一维传热模型,实现电场和温度场的耦合求解,得到高温超导电缆在热扰动冲击下的失超恢复特性,并考虑热流脉冲和液氮流速对电缆失超恢复过程的影响.结果表明:当热扰动能量低于临界恢复能量时,高温超导电缆在液氮冷却下逐渐恢复至超导态;否则,电缆的失超段将沿着轴向传播,导致电缆整体失超.随着努塞尔数的增大,临界恢复能量呈指数增大.电缆恢复时间与液氮流速呈幂律关系.该文计算结果对高温超导电缆的正常运行具有指导意义.     

120°相带环形绕组圆筒型永磁直线发电机定位力降低的优化设计

圆筒型永磁直线发电机(TPMLG)采用120°相带环型绕组可以提高其功率密度,然而,TPLMG具有较大的定位力,这会引起发电机的振荡甚至使系统不稳定.为了解决这一问题,该文对120°相带环形绕组(120°-TPMLG)的圆筒型永磁直线发电机进行优化设计.首先利用有限元方法研究不同结构参数(定子铁心长度、极弧系数、槽肩宽度、定子齿宽和气隙长度)对定位力的影响.根据分析结果,结合田口方法对发电机进行优化设计,在不损失输出功率的情况下使定位力最小,得到120°-TPMLG的最优结构参数.为了验证优化设计过程的有效性,将优化后的120°-TPMLG与初始发电机的性能进行比较.结果表明,优化后的120°-TPMLG的定位力得到了极大的减小,输出功率也略有增加.因此,该文采用的优化方法对减小120°-TPMLG的定位力是有效的.     

基于IGBT行为模型的有源中点钳位五电平变换器损耗特性分析

有源中点钳位五电平拓扑(5L-ANPC)通常用于中压大容量电能变换领域,同时由于其拓扑结构复杂和各器件有效开关频率不同,使得损耗分析较为困难,并且对计算精度要求较高.该文分析基于载波移相脉宽调制(PS-PWM)的损耗计算方法,根据电压电流关系,详细分析所有器件的导通规律,推导导通损耗计算方法.针对传统的开关损耗计算方法在中压大容量条件下误差较大的问题,详细分析IGBT的开关瞬态过程,提出一种基于行为模型的开关暂态损耗计算方法,并将其运用于5L-ANPC拓扑开关损耗分析.对5L-ANPC拓扑损耗特性进行分析,为散热系统设计奠定了坚实的基础.实验结果表明,该文所提方法提高了损耗计算精度,最大误差为10.4％,最小误差为8.4％,验证了所提损耗计算方法的有效性.     

在工业中采用钛合金的微弧氧化

采用硬度测试，金相显微观察和透射电镜分析等方法，研究了微量稀土Er对高纯铝再结晶行为的影响，结果表明，弥散分布的细小Al3Er质点对位错和亚晶界具有钉扎作用，可以有效抑制再结晶，将高纯铝的再结晶温度提高50左右，同时还能显著细化再结晶晶粒，再结晶形核机制是亚晶聚合和亚昌长大双重机制。     

烷基磺酸钠型砂的质量控制

介绍了控制烷基磺酸钠型砂的混砂工艺、配制要点及保存使用等控制要点，并就实际生产中可能出现的一些问题作了探讨，提出了解决的办法。     

Magnesium technology 2002, part I: Primary production,environmental issues,high-temperature alloys

Conclusion It is expected that the research in high-temperature alloy development will reach a critical mass in about five years. This will not only raise the materials science of magnesium to a higher level but will also increase the confidence of the industry in magnesium as a structural performance material. Currently, applications are being actively pursued in United States Council for Automotive Research power train programs and European Council for Automotive R&D engine block programs to develop the technology for elevated-temperature magnesium. More research is still needed in this interesting materials field.     

Atomic force microscopy study of biaxially oriented polypropylene films

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) uses a very sharp pointed mechanical probe to collect real-space morphological information of solid surfaces. AFM was used in this study to image the surface morphology of a biaxially oriented polypropylene film. The polymer film is characterized by a nanometer-scale, fiberlike network structure, which reflects the drawing process used during the fabrication of the film. AFM was used to study polymer-surface treatment to improve wettability by exposing the polymer to ozone with or without ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Surface-morphology changes observed by AFM are the result of the surface oxidation induced by the treatment. Due to the topographic features of the polymer film, the fiberlike structure has been used to check the performance of the AFM tip. An AFM image is a mixture of the surface morphology and the shape of the AFM tip. Therefore, it is important to check the performance of a tip to ensure that the AFM image collected reflects the true surface features of the sample, rather than contamination on the AFM tip.