基于HIL的车用电机控制器故障保护策略测试

随着新能源汽车电控系统的发展以及复杂度和集成度的提高,整车故障保护策略已成为软件开发的重要组成部分之一,但测试难度较大且风险较高,尤其针对电机控制系统,传统的台架和实车测试往往不能满足需求。通过对电机控制系统故障保护策略及硬件在环(HIL)测试方案的介绍,并结合dSPACE仿真系统,针对车用电机控制单元搭建了信号级HIL仿真测试平台。借助上位机实时模拟电机不同故障工况,并进行试验和测试结果的分析,验证了电机控制器故障保护策略的正确性,同时体现出HIL测试方法的优越性。     

工程造价管理中所存在的问题及改革工作探讨

本文分析了当前工程造价管理中存在的主要问题,并对如何深化工程造价管理改革进行探讨。     

低温贮罐分子筛吸附器结构的改进及其试验

通过对低温绝热贮罐罐体的吸附器结构的改进及其分子筛充装工艺措施的完善，较好地解决了在绝热空间其分子筛活化、再生困难的问题。     

拱坝防渗的化学灌浆技术应用

介绍拱坝工程在不放空库容的情况下作化学灌浆堵漏处理；为节省灌浆材料，处理中针对拱坝壁薄，漏水情况复杂的特点，采用测、算、估三个步骤进行限量灌浆，相关建筑提供一种经济实用的维修方式，使维修与运行两不误。     

浅谈如何避免啤酒结冰给啤酒厂带来的损失

就啤酒结冰给啤酒厂带来的损失及技术防范措施进行探讨。     

基于FPGA的扫频信号源的研究与设计

介绍扫频电路和DDS技术的原理,利用FPGA设计一个以DDS技术为基础的扫频信号源,给出用Verilog语言编程的实现方案和实现电路。并通过采用流水线技术提高了相位累加器的运算速度,通过改进ROM压缩算法以减小存储器的容量,完成了对整个系统的优化设计。运用QuartusⅡ软件仿真验证了程序设计的正确性,最终在硬件电路上实现了该扫频信号源。     

Preparation of 20-microm-i.d. silica-based monolithic columns and their performance for proteomics analyses

We describe the preparation and performance of high-efficiency 70 cm x 20 microm i.d. silica-based monolithic capillary LC columns. The monolithic columns at a mobile-phase pressure of 5000 psi provide flow rates of approximately 40 nL/min at a linear velocity of approximately 0.24 cm/s. The columns provide a separation peak capacity of approximately 420 in conjunction with both on-line coupling with microsolid-phase extraction and nanoelectrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. Performance was evaluated using a Shewanella oneidensis tryptic digest, and approximately 15-amol detection limits for peptides were obtained using a conventional ion trap and MS/MS for peptide identification. The sensitivity and separation efficiency enabled the identification of 2367 different peptides covering 855 distinct S. oneidensis proteins from a 2.5-microg tryptic digest sample in a single 10-h analysis. The number of identified peptides and proteins approximately doubled when the effective separation time was extended from 200 to 600 min. The number of identified peptides increased from 32 to 390 as the injection amount was increased from 0.5 to 100 ng. Both the run-to-run and column-to-column reproducibility for proteomic analyses were also evaluated.     

重整加热炉余热锅炉炉管腐蚀原因分析

针对催化重整加热炉余热锅炉炉管发生的严重腐蚀和穿孔，通过检测腐蚀产物和燃料气成分，分析导致炉管腐蚀的主要原因为高温硫化物腐蚀（主要表现为硫酸露点腐蚀及Ｓ，ＳＯ２，Ｈ２Ｓ腐蚀）和高温氧化，并提出了防范措施及建议。     

木质素基碳材料催化剂的制备及应用研究进展

木质素具有三维网状苯环结构、来源丰富、含碳量高、官能团丰富可控等特点,是一种理想的碳材料前体。通过化学改性和微结构调控制备具有特殊功能的木质素基碳材料,其在能源催化转化、电化学储能和环境修复等领域应用广泛。本文介绍了木质素基碳材料催化剂的国内外最新研究进展,总结了木质素基碳材料催化剂的制备方法,重点综述了木质素基碳材料催化剂在氧化反应、氢解反应、酯化反应、水解反应、脱水反应、费托合成等热催化反应、电解水析氢和锌空气电池氧还原等电催化反应、有机污染物降解等光催化反应的研究进展,但如何构筑高效、稳定、廉价、可规模生产的木质素基碳材料催化剂仍然是一个具有挑战性的课题。文章总结：今后研究中应加强对木质素的基础化学结构和微结构调控、活性组分与木质素碳材料载体间的相互作用、木质素基碳材料催化剂在催化反应中的作用机理等的研究,更好地发挥其低成本、三维结构易成型和微结构可调控等优势,拓展木质素生物质资源的高值化利用领域。     

On-line 1D and 2D porous layer open tubular/LC-ESI-MS using 10-microm-i.d. poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) columns for ultrasensitive proteomic analysis

Following on our recent work, on-line one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) porous layer open tubular/liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (PLOT/LC-ESI-MS) platforms using 3.2 mx10 microm i.d. poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) (PS-DVB) PLOT columns have been developed to provide robust, high-performance, and ultrasensitive proteomic analysis. With the use of a PicoClear tee, the dead volume connection between a 50 microm i.d. PS-DVB monolithic micro-SPE column and the PLOT column was minimized. The micro-SPE/PLOT column assembly provided a separation performance similar to that obtained with direct injection onto the PLOT column at a mobile phase flow rate of 20 nL/min. The trace analysis potential of the platform was evaluated using an in-gel tryptic digest sample of a gel fraction (15-40 kDa) of a cervical cancer (SiHa) cell line. As an example of the sensitivity of the system, approximately 2.5 ng of protein in 2 microL of solution, an amount corresponding to 20 SiHa cells, was subjected to on-line micro-SPE-PLOT/LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis using a linear ion trap MS. A total of 237 peptides associated with 163 unique proteins were identified from a single analysis when using stringent criteria associated with a false positive rate of less than 1%. The number of identified peptides and proteins increased to 638 and 343, respectively, as the injection amount was raised to approximately 45 ng of protein, an amount corresponding to 350 SiHa cells. In comparison, only 338 peptides and 231 unique proteins were identified (false positive rate again less than 1%) from 750 ng of protein from the identical gel fraction, an amount corresponding to 6000 SiHa cells, using a typical 15 cmx75 microm i.d. packed capillary column. The greater sensitivity, higher recovery, and higher resolving power of the PLOT column resulted in the increased number of identifications from only approximately 5% of the injected sample amount. The resolving power of the micro-SPE/PLOT assembly was further extended by 2D chromatography via combination of the high-efficiency reversed-phase PLOT column with strong cation-exchange chromatography (SCX). As an example, 1071 peptides associated with 536 unique proteins were identified from 75 ng of protein from the same gel fraction, an amount corresponding to 600 cells, using five ion-exchange fractions in on-line 2D SCX-PLOT/LC-MS. The 2D system, implemented in an automated format, led to simple and robust operation for proteomic analysis. These promising results demonstrate the potential of the PLOT column for ultratrace analysis.