废三元锂离子电池浸出液中磷酸盐沉淀法除铝热力学分析及应用

铝是废三元锂离子电池正极材料浸出液中的主要杂质之一，除铝是浸出液净化分离的重要步骤。针对传统中和沉淀除铝工艺存在镍、钴损失严重及萃取法除铝成本高等问题，绘制了298 K时Men+-PO43--H2O系（Men+:[Al]T、[Fe(Ⅲ)]T、[Fe(Ⅱ)]T、[Cu]T、[Ni]T、[Co]T、[Mn]T、[Li]T）组浓度对数-pH图，利用热力学平衡图对磷酸盐沉淀法从废旧三元锂离子电池硫酸浸出液中净化除铝过程进行热力学分析。结果表明：在合适pH范围可以形成难溶磷酸盐稳定区，pH为1~4.8时磷酸盐沉淀形成由易到难的顺序为Fe3+＞Al3+＞Cu2+ Fe2+＞Co2+＞Mn2+ Ni2+＞Li+，磷酸盐沉淀法可以将铝与镍、钴、锰金属分开。试验数据表明，加入1.2倍理论量的磷酸钠，控制沉淀pH为4，溶液中铝、镍、钴、锰沉淀率分别为99.86%、1.35%、0.99%、2.09%。磷酸盐沉淀法从废旧三元锂离子电池硫酸浸出液中除铝是一种有效的方法。     

一种新型腿部机构自由度分析与驱动输入研究

提出了一种新型非对称四自由度并联步行机器人腿部机构,根据驱动方式可将并联腿部机构看作由两个虎克铰串联而成,通过4个无约束分支将两个串联虎克铰的转动驱动置换为靠近运载平台的直线驱动以完成抬腿动作.将驱动置于背部,可减少腿部的运动惯量,同时实现关节空间和驱动空间分离,可用于对驱动进行特殊防护的太空和核电等环境.并联结构的非对称布置有利于直线驱动更针对性地对动平台(小腿)在矢状面的运动进行控制.对并联腿部进行描述并建立坐标系,根据螺旋理论建立了腿部机构的运动螺旋系和约束螺旋系,分析了腿部机构的自由度,明确了机构所受的约束力,并对驱动输入选择的合理性进行了验证.为腿部结构设计提供了新的思路,也为后续开展该并联机构的运动学及动力学分析工作奠定了基础.     

Role of Pulp Content and Particle Size in Yield Stress of Apple Sauce

A paddle mixer in conjunction with a rotational viscometer was used to determine the yield stress and the shear rate-shear stress data of apple sauce. Magnitudes of yield stress obtained by extrapolation of the shear rate-shear stress data according to Casson, Herschel-Bulkley, and Mizrahi-Berk models were considerably lower than the experimental values. The experimental values were closer to the Bingham yield values obtained by extrapolation of the straight line portion of the shear rate-shear stress data. Pulp content and average particle size of the solids affected the magnitudes of the yield stress.     

Influence of Temperature, Time and Solvent on the Solubility of Corium Collagen and Meat Proteins

Collagen replacement (0, 10, 20, 30, or 100%) of minced muscle reduced the quantity of salt (NaCl) soluble nitrogen in unheated samples. This dilution of salt soluble meat protein with salt insoluble collagen was evident at each time period (0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, or 90 min) of heating. When sufficient heat was applied (i.e. high temperature for prolonged period), the solubilization of the collagen component of the meat block negated the difference in soluble nitrogen associated with collagen replacement. The presence of sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) appeared to suppress the solubilization of collagen as a result of the initial high pH but enhanced the solubilization of minced muscle.     

浅析连铸保护渣的冶金特性及在马钢的选用

概述了连铸保护渣的基本特性，并根据马钢保护渣的应用情况，设计分析了高拉速板坯、方坯、圆坯、异型坯和薄板坯连铸用保护渣的选用原则。     

Yield Stress and Relative Viscosity of Tomato Concentrates: Effect of Total Solids and Finisher Screen Size

Yield stresses of tomato concentrates, prepared using two finisher screens (0.69 mm and 0.84 mm diam) were determined using the vane method, Casson model, and dynamic rheological data. Magnitudes of vane yield stress were higher than those using other methods. They increased with increase in total solids and were about the same in concentrates from both screen sizes. Magnitudes of Casson viscosities of concentrates and serum viscosities from 0.84 mm screen were slightly higher than those from 0.69 mm finisher screen.     

Thermal Energy Consumption for Blanching and Sterilization of Snap Beans

Steam consumption for a water blancher and a continuous pressure sterilizer (CPS) was measured in a snap bean cannery. For the blancher, it ranged between 0.204 and 0.306 lb/lb of beans. The energy efficiency of the blancher was found to be between 26.3–52.3%. In a pilot scale test, the concentration of Ca, Mg, and K ions increased as the blanching water was recycled and the firmness of the beans after canning varied between 0.855 and 1.010 kN. Steam consumption by the CPS was related linearly to the loading rate of cans: steam consumed (lb/hr) = 1075.9 + 0.073 × (cans/hr).     

化学生物絮凝/悬浮床处理低浓污水

考察了化学生物絮凝 /悬浮填料床工艺处理低浓度城市污水的效果,并确定了最佳的运行条件。试验结果表明:在PAFC投量为 70mg/L(以Al2O3 计为 9. 7mg/L)、PAM投量为 0. 5mg/L、污泥回流比为 33%左右、悬浮填料床气水比为 2∶1,以及化学生物絮凝池各廊道的DO值分别为 1. 9~3. 2、1. 3 ~2. 5、0. 3 ~1. 5mg/L的条件下,处理COD为 105 ~255mg/L、TP为 1. 56 ~7. 97mg/L、SS为 60~228mg/L、NH3 -N为 8. 33~18. 05mg/L的城市污水时,对COD、TP、SS的去除率分别为 75. 8%、76. 2%和 90. 6%,对NH3 -N的去除率 >85%。出水COD、TP、SS、NH3 -N浓度均满足《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978—1996)的一级标准。     

锕系元素环境化学——锕系元素化学的新分支

20世纪70年代以来,在锕系元素化学和环境科学之间发展起来一门边缘学科——锕系元素环境化学。本文叙述了这门学科与核废物安全处置的关系,并简要地介绍了这门学科的研究内容、现状和发展方向。     

基于粗集的属性约简在电信企业决策中的应用

粗糙集理论是近代新兴的一种研究不完整、不确定知识和数据的表达、学习、归纳的理论方法.在对粗集理论的一些算法研究后,提出了用其解决电信企业中大量数据中获取的较优决策,为企业信息系统的决策支持提供新的解决方法.