A review on automatic detection and recognition of traffic sign

Evidently, Intelligent Transport System (ITS) has progressed tremendously all its way. The core of ITS are detection and recognition of traffic sign, which are designated to fulfill safety and comfort needs of driver. This paper provides a critical review on three major steps in Automatic Traffic Sign Detection and Recognition(ATSDR) system i.e., segmentation, detection and recognition in the context of vision based driver assistance system. In addition, it focuses on different experimental setups of image acquisition system. Further, discussion on possible future research challenges is made to make ATSDR more efficient, which inturn produce a wide range of opportunities for the researchers to carry out the detailed analysis of ATSDR and to incorporate the future aspects in their research.     

Redesigned Spatial Modulation for Spatially Correlated Fading Channels

In this paper, a new variant of Spatial Modulation (SM) Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) transmission technique, designated as Redesigned Spatial Modulation (ReSM) has been proposed. In ReSM scheme, a dynamic mapping for antenna selection is adopted. This scheme employs both single antenna as well as double antenna combinations depending upon channel conditions to combat the effect of spatial correlation. When evaluated over spatially correlated channel conditions, for a fixed spectral efficiency and number of transmit antennas, ReSM exhibits performance improvement of at least 3 dB over all the conventional SM schemes including Trellis Coded Spatial Modulation (TCSM) scheme. Furthermore, a closed form expression for the upper bound on Pairwise Error Probability (PEP) for ReSM has been derived. This has been used to calculate the upper bound for the Average Bit Error Probability (ABEP) for spatially correlated channels. The results of Monte Carlo simulations are in good agreement with the predictions made by analytical results. The relative gains of all the comparison plots in the paper are specified at an ABER of 10^?4.     

Identification of Flow Regimes in a Concurrent Gas Liquid Upflow through Packed Beds

The flow regimes bubble flow, pulse flow, and spray flow were identified by visual observation in a packed column. Three gas‐liquid systems (air/water, air/56 % glycerol, and air/monoethanolamine) and four column packings (Raschig rings, Intalox saddles, and two sizes of spheres) were investigated to cover wide ranges of physical properties of gas liquid systems and characteristics of column packings affecting the flow regime transition. Criteria for the flow regime transition were developed in terms of system and operating variables.     

A comparative investigation of bio waste filler (wood apple‐coconut) reinforced polymer composites

During the last century natural fibers are used as reinforcement in polymer composite has been continuously growing in the composite industry. This polymer matrix composite has wide range of application in hostile environment where it is exposed to external attacks such as solid particle erosion. The mechanical properties of different polymer composites are also most important characteristics. An attempt has been made to compare the mechanical and tribological properties of the both biowaste wood apple and coconut shell particulate polymer matrix composite. The results show that maximum flexural strength is obtained 78.19 MPa for wood apple shell and 68.25 MPa for coconut shell at 15 wt% filler content. The wood apple particulate composite shows best erosion and mechanical properties than coconut particulate composite. POLYM. COMPOS., 35:180–185, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Spray drying technique to produce controlled release formulations of zidovudine—an anti‐HIV drug

This article explores the application of spray drying technique to produce microparticles of poly(D ,L ‐lactide‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA), as well as di‐block copolymer of polylactic acid (PLA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) (PLA‐PEG), containing zidovudine (AZT), an anti‐HIV drug, to achieve its controlled release over an extended period of time. Of the two polymers studied, PLGA is hydrophobic, whereas PLA‐PEG is hydrophilic and the drug, AZT is water‐soluble. Formulations were developed containing 10 and 25 wt % of AZT giving encapsulation efficiencies (EE) of 66 to 86% for PLGA and 90 to 94% for PLA‐PEG di‐block copolymer. All the formulations were characterized by Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR) to investigate the interaction of AZT with polymers and to characterize PLA‐PEG. NMR was also employed to confirm the formation of PLA‐PEG. X‐ray diffraction was used to understand the molecular level dispersion of AZT within the polymeric matrices, while differential scanning calorimetry was employed to assess thermal properties. Scanning electron microscopy was employed to understand the surface morphology of AZT‐loaded microparticles. In vitro release experiments performed in pH 7.4 buffer media extended the release of AZT up to 125 h with PLGA, whereas 30 h were required for releasing AZT through PLA‐PEG microparticles. Cumulative release data were fitted to an empirical equation to understand the nature of release characteristics. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 000: 000–000, 2011     

Characterization of novel varistor+inductor integrated passive devices

This letter describes the design, modeling, simulation, and fabrication of novel integrated passive devices (IPDs). These IPDs, comprising of a cofired multilayered varistor and inductor, have been developed in the ceramic coprocessing technology. The equivalent model of the new structures is presented, suitable for design and circuit simulations. The fabrication method, new design of structures and patented materials of these devices lead to improved characteristics suitable for application in high-frequency suppressors. The IPDs were tested in the frequency range of 1 MHz-3 GHz using an Agilent 4287A RF LCR meter. The measurements confirm the validity of the proposed model.     

Fault Tolerance in Regular Network Architectures

Computer systems with large numbers of processors pose serious reliability problems. One solution is to build redundant communication paths and dynamic reconfiguration into network designs.     

An approximate analysis of the join the shortest queue (JSQ) policy

This paper presents an accurate analytical model for evaluating the performance of the join the shortest queue (JSQ) policy. The system considered consists of N identical queues each of which may have single or multiple servers. A birth-death Markov process is used to model the evolution of the number of jobs in the system. Our results show that this method provides very accurate estimates of the average job response times     

Improved algorithms for computing with faulty SIMD hypercubes

Computation time for various primitive operations, such as broadcasting and global sum, can significantly increase when there are node failures in a hypercube. In this paper we develop nearly optimal algorithms for computing important basic problems on a faulty SIMD hypercube. In an SIMD hypercube, during a communication step, nodes can exchange information with their neighbors only across a specific dimension. Our parallel machine model is an n-dimensional SIMD hypercube Q _n with up to n-1 node faults. In an SIMD hypercube, during a communication step, nodes can exchange information with their neighbors only across a specific dimension. We use the concept of free dimension to develop our algorithms, where a free dimension is defined to be a dimension i such that at least one end node of any i-dimension link is nonfaulty. In an n-cube, with f < n faults, it is known that there exist n-f+1 free dimensions. Using free dimensions, we show that broadcasting and global sum can be performed in n+5 steps, thereby improving upon the previously known algorithms for these primitives. The broadcasting algorithms work independent of the location of source node and faulty nodes. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.