Production and quality of fish fingers from different fish species

Abstract Production of fish fingers was achieved by using fish species such as sardine (Sardina pilchardus, Walbaum, 1792), whiting (Merlangius merlangus, Linnaeus, 1758) and pike perch (Sander lucioperca, Linnaeus, 1758). Quality changes of battered fish patties during a period of 8 months at –18 °C were investigated. According to the results of microbiological and chemical analysis, fish fingers were found to be within acceptable limits during frozen storage for 8 months. However, sensory analysis showed that, at the end of the frozen storage, fish fingers made from sardine could not be consumed because of rancidity.     

Effect of annealing process on the growth and surface properties of Au–ZnO nanowire films grown by chemical routes

Au–ZnO nanowire films have been synthesized by chemical routes, electrochemical deposition (ECD) and chemical bath deposition (CBD) techniques, on zinc foil followed by annealing in air at 400 °C. X-ray diffraction patterns reveal formation of the ZnO wurtzite structure along with binary phases Au₃Zn and AuZn₃. Scanning electron microscopy shows the presence of ZnO nanowires having several micrometers in length and less than 120 nm in diameter synthesized by ECD and in the range of 70–400 nm using the CBD technique. During the annealing process, different surface morphologies originating from different catalytic effects of Au atoms/layers were observed. In addition, the effect of synthesis routes on crystalline quality and optical properties were studied by Raman and photoluminescence spectrometers indicating varying concentration of defects on the films. The Raman results indicate that Au–ZnO nanowire film prepared by chemical bath deposition route had better crystalline quality.     

Symbiotic artificial immune system

Artificial Immune System algorithms use antibodies that fully specify the solution of an optimization, learning, or pattern recognition problem. By being restricted to fully specified antibodies, an AIS algorithm cannot make use of schemata or classes of partial solutions, while sub solutions can help a lot in faster emergence of a totally good solution in many problems. To exploit schemata in artificial immune systems, this paper presents a novel algorithm that combines traditional artificial immune systems and symbiotic combination operator. The algorithm starts searching with partially specified antibodies and gradually builds more and more specified solutions till it finds complete answers. The algorithm is compared with CLONALG algorithm on several multimodal function optimization and combinatorial optimization problems and it is shown that it is faster than CLONALG on most problems and can find solutions in problems that CLONALG totally fails.     

Improving the mechanical,thermal and electrical properties of polyurethane- graphene oxide nanocomposites synthesized by in-situ polymerization of ester-based polyol with hexamethylene diisocyanate

Many polyols or diols have been used for the synthesis of polyurethanes (PU), however, to the best of our knowledge, PU-graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposites synthesized with ester-based polyols have been rarely studied. In this work ester-based polyol synthesized by the reaction of adipic acid and 1,4 butane diol, was in-situ polymerized with hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) and GO to prepare PU-GO nanocomposites. The content of GO was changed from 1 to 2.5 wt% and its effect on the mechanical, thermal and electrical properties of the samples were examined. The presence of GO more than 1.5% in the nanocomposites resulted in brittle samples and reduced the tensile strength, however, the Young’s modulus of the samples containing 1 and 1.5% was increased to 11 and 12.08-fold (275 and 302 MPa) compared to the neat PU (25 MPa), respectively. The shore A hardness of the samples was increased from 86 for PU to 96 for PUGO-1.5. The abrasion resistance of the samples was decreased by increasing the GO content. Results of the thermogravimetric analysis showed that higher amounts of GO increase the thermal stability of the samples. The chemical and physical interactions between the surface of GO nanolayers and the PU chains were confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. The dynamic mechanical analysis of the samples showed that GO nanolayers decreased the molecular motions of the PU chains in the nanocomposites which were noticed by shifting the glass transition to the higher temperatures.     

Dendrigraft with citric acid on acrylonitrile/acrylic acid copolymer electrospun fibres

Acrylonitrile/acrylic acid copolymers were synthesized with different mole fractions (1, 2, 5 and 10 mol%) of acrylic acid (AA) in the feed by aqueous suspension polymerization, and bead‐free fibres (295–375 nm in diameter) were made from the copolymers in dimethylformamide solutions by electrospinning. In a heterogeneous system containing electrospun fibre mats, dendritic molecules were grown by reaction between carboxylic acid of AA and –OH groups of citric acid activated by dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. The products were analysed using ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies, density determination, scanning electron microscopy, optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and pH response properties. With decreasing AA content, the isotacticity of the copolymers decreases with a more random distribution of the co‐monomers which leads to higher percentage conversions of dendrigraft due to reduced steric hindrance. On the formation of dendrigraft, the percentage conversion of the reactions decreases with an increase of generation number and AA content. A reduction of density for the first generation and then an increase with increasing generation are observed. During oxidation stabilization of fibres with a decrease of AA content and an increase in generation number, the amount of liberated heat increases. Fibres containing more carboxylic groups show significantly greater amounts of swelling/de‐swelling in basic and acidic media, respectively. To be used as nanocarbon fibre precursors, or as active particles for loading with guest molecules, or as pH actuators, the first generation of dendrigrafted fibres are expected to have the greatest potential among the various samples examined. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry     

Healing of double oxide film defects in A356 aluminium melt

The possibility of the bonding of the two layers of a double oxide film defect when held in liquid A356 Al alloy was investigated. The defect was modelled experimentally by maintaining two aluminium oxide layers in contact with each other and the atmosphere trapped between them in the A356 liquid alloy for varying lengths of time of between 30 s and 48 h. Any changes in the composition and morphology of these layers were studied by SEM, EDX and XRD. The results showed that the two layers of a double oxide film defect might bond to each other by two different mechanisms, one during the transformation of Al₂O₃ to MgAl₂O₄ spinel in relatively short holding times, which would cause the layers to bond at several points and the other during the gradual transformation of spinel to MgO in longer times, which would cause strong bonding between the layers. It was shown that any bonding can take place essentially only after the oxygen and nitrogen of the atmosphere within the defect are consumed.     

用于三电平逆变器的IGBT提高DC／AC转换的效率

当我们谈论效率时，我们主要指的是电力效率。然而，这种用法并不是效率一次本身的完整含义。在电力电子应用巾，工程师在开发新产品过程中的追求的主要目标是以最大限度地发挥不同类型的效率，如电效率和热效率，以及优化谐波失真和产品整体的尺寸。     

Effect of chlorine ion concentration on morphology and optical properties of Cl-doped ZnO nanostructures

Effect of Cl^?1 concentration on morphology and optical properties of Cl-doped ZnO nanostructures was studied. The Cl-doped ZnO nanostructures and undoped ZnO microstructures were grown on Si(1 1 1) substrates using a physical vapor deposition method. The ZnO nanostructures have been doped with different concentrations of chlorine. The Cl-doped ZnO nanostructures with 6% atom Cl, showed a nanodisk morphology with a hexagonal shape, while the Cl-doped ZnO nanostructures with 9% atom Cl, exhibited a stacked nanoplate morphology with smaller thickness in comparison to the Cl-doped ZnO nanodisks. In addition, with increasing Cl content to 13%, morphology of the products changed to more stacked nanoplates with nanoflakes morphology. X-ray diffraction results clearly showed a hexagonal structure for the all samples. Raman spectroscopy results showed a strong crystalline quality for the undoped ZnO microdisks and Cl-doped ZnO nanodisks; while these results indicated a weak crystalline quality for the Cl-doped ZnO nanoplates and nanoflakes. Photoluminescence (PL) studies also confirmed the Raman results and it exhibited a lower optical property for the Cl-doped ZnO nanoplates and nanoflakes in comparison to the undoped ZnO microdisks and Cl-doped ZnO nanodisks. Furthermore, the UV peak of the Cl-doped ZnO nanostructures was blue-shifted with respect to that of the undoped ZnO.     

Automatic detection of depression symptoms in twitter using multimodal analysis

The Journal of Supercomputing - Depression is the most prevalent mental disorder that can lead to suicide. Due to the tendency of people to share their thoughts on social platforms, social data...     

The Enhancement of Mine Waste Stability Using Biocementation

Journal of Mining Science - There are large amounts of waste deposits around mines and mineral processing plants, and their instability is one of the major concerns in mining industries. One of the...