Development of whey-based beverages

This paper considers beverages consisting of whey, fruit components (orange, pear, peach, and apple), citric acid and sucrose. It also offers their optimal composition. The dry matter of the fruit component, the pH of the beverage and its sucrose content were independent variables. Blends were prepared in accordance with the factorial design. After pasteurization, they were exposed to a sensor analysis so that the following characteristics were estimated: flavour, odour, colour, sediment, appearance and total quality (sum of the previous factors). By applying the regression analysis method, a mathematical model of each characteristic was derived. None of the characteristic functions had an extreme, so the maxima lay at the boundaries of the independent variables (6% of dry matter and 4% or 2% of sucrose ). Only the pH changed within a narrow range. The statistical method has shown that the quality of blends with orange and pear mostly depends on the sucrose content, while the quality of blends with peach and apple depends on the dry matter of the fruit. Interaction of dry matter and sucrose is most significant for the blend with pear, while the balance between sucrose and pH strongly depends on the quality of all the other products. The peach–whey beverage containing 6% of dry matter and 2% of sucrose as well as having pH 3.6 proved to be the best.     

Optimization of HS-SPME conditions for quantification of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline and study of other volatiles in Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.

HS-SPME coupled with GC–FID was applied for the quantification of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) in Pandanus amaryllifolius, the best available natural source of (2AP). Conditions for qualitative and quantitative analysis of aroma volatiles with special reference to 2AP from P. amaryllifolius have been optimized using HS-SPME/GC–FID. About 10 mg powdered leaf material at 80 °C temperature for 35 min was found to be the most effective combination for maximum release of 2AP. Volatile analyses led to the identification of 31 compounds, of which 21 are reported for the first time in P. amaryllifolius. 2AP contents and other volatiles were found to vary in small and large growth forms.     

LBP and CNN feature fusion for face anti-spoofing

Pattern Analysis and Applications - Face anti-spoofing has been attracting attention because of its prominent role in the security of face recognition systems. A face spoofing attack is launched on...