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71.
Hydrodynamic and mass transfer data in Soltrol-130 (a mixture of C9+ iso-paraffins) were measured in a 0.305 m diameter bubble column. The gas holdup structure (i.e., the contributions to holdup from the small and large bubble fractions of the dispersion) for this hydrocarbon liquid in the churn turbulent flow regime was analyzed using the dynamic gas disengagement technique. The validity of the assumption of axially uniform gas holdup structure was checked. Literature correlations were found inadequate to explain the observed gas holdup and the volumetric mass transfer coefficients for Soltrol-130. The volumetric mass transfer coefficient per unit volume of large bubbles is shown to be independent of superficial gas velocity for the fully developed churn turbulent regime. The present hydrodynamic and mass transfer data in the churn turbulent regime should be useful in the design and scale-up of bubble columns used in organic process industries. 相似文献
72.
This paper first outlines an approximate solution to the governing equations for an adiabatic hydroprocessing trickle bed reactor operating in the presence of axial dispersion. The approximate solution agrees very well with the rigorous numerical solution for Peclet numbers greater than approximately three.Using the approximate solution, criteria for significant axial dispersion effect are obtained. These criteria indicate that at high conversions, an adiabatic operation produces a larger axial dispersion effect than the isothermal operation. At low conversions, opposite results are obtained.The derived criteria are used to evaluate the orders of magnitude of Peclet number required to avoid axial dispersion effect in pilot scale adiabatic reactors for (a) residual hydrodesulfurization (b) hydrocracking of gas oils and (c) denitrogenation of shale oils. The calculations indicate that the axial dispersion effect is of less importance in case (c) than in cases (a) and (b).Finally, the role of heat effects on the axial dispersion in a vapor phase fixed bed adiabatic reactor is evaluated. 相似文献
73.
Shah Bhagyashree Alsadoon Abeer Prasad P.W.C. Al-Naymat Ghazi Beg Azam 《Multimedia Tools and Applications》2021,80(14):21339-21361
Multimedia Tools and Applications - Deep learning (DL) is a type of machine learning capable of processing large quantities of data to provide analytic results based on a particular... 相似文献
74.
Huang Tianpeng Huang Deqing Wang Zhikai Dai Xi Shah Awais 《International Journal of Control, Automation and Systems》2021,19(2):698-711
International Journal of Control, Automation and Systems - This paper aims to provide a generic robust controller that is able to manipulate all kinds of quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)... 相似文献
75.
Nouman Ali Shah Yue Ren Ri-Tong Lan Jia-Cheng Lv Rizwan M. Gul Peng-Fei Tan Shishu Huang Lin Tan Jia-Zhuang Xu Zhong-Ming Li 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2021,138(43):51261
Highly crosslinked ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) stabilized by vitamin E (VE) is widely applied in artificial joints as the bearings. Despite the approval, there is a discord that VE lowers the crosslinking efficiency, limiting its use at high concentration. In this work, we aim to obtain highly crosslinked and oxidation resistant UHMWPE through the conjunction of tea polyphenol and chemical crosslinking. We hypothesized that highly incorporated tea polyphenol with multiple reactive sites can ameliorate crosslinking efficiency of chemical crosslinked UHMWPE in comparison to VE. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) as representative tea polyphenol was incorporated into UHMWPE at high concentration (2–8 wt%), followed by chemical crosslinking with 2 wt% organic peroxide. Unlike VE/UHMWPE blends as the control, chemical crosslinking achieved an increasing trend in crosslink density of EGCG/UHMWPE blends with increasing antioxidant concentration. High concentration of EGCG also enhanced the oxidation stability of UHMWPE. Intriguingly, EGCG endowed UHMWPE with an excellent antimicrobial property, which was inefficient in VE/UHMWPE. Cell viability was hardly affected by the high loaded antioxidant and peroxide. The chemically crosslinked UHMWPE blended with EGCG is proved to be a reasonable, cost effective and realistic alternative for use in artificial joints. 相似文献
76.
Nadir Shah Ayaz Ahmad Babar Nazir Depei Qian 《Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications》2016,9(2):356-371
Due to limited radio range and mobility of nodes in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), the network partitioning and merging could occur frequently. When structured peer-to-peer (P2P) overlays are running over MANETs, then network partition in the physical network can also cause network partition at the overlay layer. Existing approaches for structured P2P overlay over MANETs do not detect network partition at the overlay layer. This paper proposes a cross-layer approach to detect network partition at the overlay layer for structured P2P overlay over MANETs. Simulation results show that the proposed approach is highly effective and efficient in terms of routing overhead, success ratio and false-negative ratio. 相似文献
77.
Stiction or high static friction is a common problem in spring-diaphragm type control valves, which are widely used in the process industry. Recently, there have been many attempts to understand, define, model and detect stiction in control valves. There are several methods for detecting stiction, but quantification of the actual amount of stiction still remains a challenge. This paper discusses briefly the definition and modelling of stiction. Then it demonstrates a new method to detect and quantify the actual amount of valve stiction using routine operating data. The proposed method is completely data-driven. No additional excitation or experimentation of the plant is required. 相似文献
78.
79.
讨论了以基于前缀封闭集合的Heyting代数的直觉解释的线性μ-演算(IμTL)作为描述“假设-保证”的逻辑基础的问题,提出了一个基于IμTL的“假设-保证”规则.该规则比往常应用线性时序逻辑(LTL)作为规范语言的那些规则具有更好的表达能力,扩展了对形如“always ?”等安全性质的“假设-保证”的范围,具备更一般的“假设-保证”推理能力及对循环推理的支持. 相似文献
80.
A fundamental challenge in the design of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is to maximize their lifetimes especially when they have a limited and non-replenishable energy supply. To extend the network lifetime, power management and energy-efficient communication techniques at all layers become necessary. In this paper, we present solutions for the data gathering and routing problem with in-network aggregation in WSNs. Our objective is to maximize the network lifetime by utilizing data aggregation and in-network processing techniques. We particularly focus on the joint problem of optimal data routing with data aggregation en route such that the above mentioned objective is achieved. We present Grid-based Routing and Aggregator Selection Scheme (GRASS), a scheme for WSNs that can achieve low energy dissipation and low latency without sacrificing quality. GRASS embodies optimal (exact) as well as heuristic approaches to find the minimum number of aggregation points while routing data to the Base-Station (BS) such that the network lifetime is maximized. Our results show that, when compared to other schemes, GRASS improves system lifetime with acceptable levels of latency in data aggregation and without sacrificing data quality. 相似文献