基于数字图像处理技术糙出白率和碾白率检测

通过扫描获取不同碾白时间下的大米图像,提取大米图像信息,分析大米图像信息与糙出白率和碾白率之间的相关性。结果表明:B平均值同糙出白率、H平均值同碾白率的相关系数较高,分别为-0.984 6、-0.986 1;然后建立B平均值同糙出白率、H平均值同碾白率的回归方程,分别为y=-0.302 5x+135.733,R2=0.965 6;y=-0.132 9x+105.401,R2=0.968 9。用建立的回归方程预测糙米糙出白率和碾白率,通过F检验和t检验表明,预测的糙出白率和碾白率与实际检测值是一致的.     

A bipolar membrane combined with ferric iron reduction as an efficient cathode system in microbial fuel cells

There is a need for alternative catalysts for oxygen reduction in the cathodic compartment of a microbial fuel cell (MFC). In this study, we show that a bipolar membrane combined with ferric iron reduction on a graphite electrode is an efficient cathode system in MFCs. A flat plate MFC with graphite felt electrodes, a volume of 1.2 L and a projected surface area of 290 cm2 was operated in continuous mode. Ferric iron was reduced to ferrous iron in the cathodic compartment according to Fe(3+) + e(-) --> Fe2+ (E0 = +0.77 V vs NHE, normal hydrogen electrode). This reversible electron transfer reaction considerably reduced the cathode overpotential. The low catholyte pH required to keep ferric iron soluble was maintained by using a bipolar membrane instead of the commonly used cation exchange membrane. For the MFC with cathodic ferric iron reduction, the maximum power density was 0.86 W/m2 at a current density of 4.5 A/m2. The Coulombic efficiency and energy recovery were 80-95% and 18-29% respectively.     

Use of microbial transglutaminase and sodium alginate in the preparation of restructured fish models using cold gelation: Effect of frozen storage

Changes in physicochemical properties of raw-appearing restructured models made from hake (Merluccius capensis) muscle, using cold gelation technology by addition of sodium alginate and microbial transglutaminase (MTGase), were studied during frozen storage at ? 15 °C.Among the more interesting results, addition of MTGase produced more protein aggregation in models processed by muscle homogenization and thus the protein network that formed in the gel was better than in samples with added sodium alginate. All samples presented enhanced changes in mechanical properties such as gel strength in the course of frozen storage. The protein network that formed was better organized as shown by the ultrastructure analysis and by protein aggregation data from the beginning of storage, and as a result Water Binding Capacity was greater in restructured models processed by muscle homogenization. Some of the models studied presented lipid oxidation during frozen storage, slightly more in the ones with MTGase added.Industrial RelevanceThe industrial relevance of the present work is to establish bases for using fish fillet trimmings and minced muscle to prepare restructured products that can be commercialized in a raw state and that could also support frozen storage in order to prolong the self-life in the market. The models studied here are not final products but the base with which to prepare them. One possibility of them is to process this kind of products with technologies normally used in whole fish muscle such as smoked fish fillets, carpaccios or marinated products. In addition, these raw restructured products can be commercialized to be cooked as a normal fresh fish fillet or pieces of fillet in a variety of preparations, and also products that contain a high amount of salt. Samples elaborated by binding larger muscle fragments imitate well the original fibrousness of the muscle so that it could be used to elaborate products similar to hamburgers or others that will be fried in batter.     

油酸改性WG-SPI制备复合膜的优化研究及扫描电镜观察

采用响应曲面法研究了油酸改性WG-SPI复合膜成膜过程中各因素对膜性能的影响.以乙醇浓度、甘油添加量、pH、油酸添加量为因素,以抗拉强度(TS)、断裂伸长率(E)、水蒸气透过系数(Pv)为响应值对实验进行响应面设计,建立了TS、E、Pv的回归模型,优化了最佳成膜配方,改性后复合膜的性能显著改善,断裂伸长率提高了21.3%;进一步通过扫描电镜观察,表明改性效果良好.     

HXT5 expression is determined by growth rates in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, hexose transporter (Hxt) proteins transport glucose across the plasma membrane. The Hxt proteins are encoded by a multigene family with 20 members, of which Hxt1-4p and Hxt6-7p are the major hexose transporters. The remaining Hxt proteins have other or unknown functions. In this study, expression of HXT5 under different experimental set-ups is determined. In glucose-grown batch cultures, HXT5 is expressed prior to glucose depletion. Independent of the carbon source used in batch cultures, HXT5 is expressed after 24 h of growth and during growth on ethanol or glycerol, which indicates that growth on glucose is not necessary for expression of HXT5. Increasing the temperature or osmolarity of the growth medium also induces expression of HXT5. In fed-batch cultures, expression of HXT5 is only observed at low glucose consumption rates, independent of the extracellular glucose concentration. The only common parameter in these experiments is that an increase of HXT5 expression is accompanied by a decrease of the growth rate of cells. To determine whether HXT5 expression is determined by the growth rate, cells were grown in a nitrogen-limited continuous culture, which enables modulation of only the growth rate of cells. Indeed, HXT5 is expressed only at low dilution rates. Therefore, our results indicate that expression of HXT5 is regulated by growth rates of cells, rather than by extracellular glucose concentrations, as is the case for the major HXTs. A possible function for Hxt5p and factors responsible for increased expression of HXT5 upon low growth rates is discussed.     

Chemical and microbiological quality of sugar cane juice influences the concentration of ethyl carbamate and volatile congeners in cachaça

The aim of this study was to assess the influence of heat treatment of sugar cane juice, supplementation with urea and double distillation on the concentration of volatile congeners (acetic aldehyde, ethyl acetate, n‐propyl, isobutyl and isoamyl alcohols and acetic acid) and contaminants (methanol, 1‐propyl and 2‐butyl alcohols, copper, and ethyl carbamate) in cachaça. Samples of fresh sugar cane juice, sugar cane juice submitted to heat treatment and contaminated sugar cane juice were supplemented (or not) with urea and fermented. The washes so obtained underwent single and double distillation. Supplementation with urea stimulated ethyl carbamate formation. The distilled products that originated from contaminated worts presented higher concentration of acetic acid and ethyl carbamate. Double distillation reduced the concentration of contaminants. The best quality pot still cachaça was obtained employing heat treatment of sugar cane juice, nonsupplementation with urea and double distillation. Copyright © 2015 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling     

低捻棉纱无缝针织面料的性能测试及产品开发

测试了Z捻普通针织用精梳棉纱以及Z捻、S捻低捻精梳棉纱的捻度、捻系数、单纱断裂强度等性能,并利用这3种原料编织纬平针织物,测试其力学性能、热湿舒适性能等基本参数.结果表明:采用S捻与Z捻低捻棉纱一隔一交替喂入编织出的织物几乎没有纵行歪斜现象,提高了织物的美观性;织物顶破强力变小,力学性能有所下降,但不影响服装质量;织物透湿性和透气性变差,但保暖率增大,保暖性较好,可用于开发贴身保暖系列的无缝内衣产品.根据低捻棉纱无缝针织面料的性能特点,开发无缝吊带背心,介绍编织及染整工艺.     

蒸青石榴叶茶加工关键技术的研究

为综合利用石榴资源,采用正交试验设计对蒸青石榴叶茶加工过程中影响品质的蒸汽流量、杀青时间、揉捻时间和烘二青温度进行研究。结果表明,蒸青石榴叶茶产品最佳工艺为投叶量100 kg/h,蒸汽流量120 kg/h,杀青时间50 s,揉捻时间22 min,烘二青温度(90℃,15 min),炒三青(60℃,30 min),炒干(50℃,2.5 h),其石榴叶茶外形整洁、香气浓、青臭味淡、汤色深、叶底匀,感官评分达85.62。     

响应面优化百香果果皮黄酮提取工艺

本实验以百香果果皮为原料,采用超声提取工艺,探索乙醇浓度、料液比、提取时间、提取温度、超声功率这五个实验因素对黄酮提取率的影响。在单因素实验结果的基础上,采用响应面建立了提取百香果果皮中黄酮的二次多项数学模型,并进一步验证了该模型的有效性,同时利用响应面分析法对提取工艺进行优化。结果表明:在乙醇浓度60%、提取时间40 min、提取温度50℃,料液比(g/mL)1∶50,超声功率250 W条件下,测得黄酮得率为19.2124 mg/g,该工艺提取量稳定,方法简单、可靠。     

The improving effect of spray-drying encapsulation process on the bitter taste and stability of whey protein hydrolysate

Although whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) possesses good physiological functionality, its bitter taste and hygroscopic property limit its direct utilization as food ingredient. The aim of this work was to encapsulate whey protein hydrolysate by spray drying using maltodextrin or maltodextrin/??-cyclodextrin mixture as wall materials to attenuate the bitter taste and enhance the stability of whey protein hydrolysate. Hygroscopicity, glass transition temperature, bitter taste, and morphology of non-encapsulated WPH and encapsulated WPH were evaluated. Solubility, particle size, bulk density, and moisture content were also measured. Compared with the non-encapsulated WPH, the encapsulated WPH exhibited significantly lower hygroscopicity and higher glass transition temperature. The bitterness of both maltodextrin-encapsulated WPH and maltodextrin/??-cyclodextrin-encapsulated WPH was significantly lower than that of the original non-encapsulated WPH. Morphological analysis by scanning electron microscopy showed that the microcapsules of the spray-dried encapsulated WPH were matrix-type with less link bridge and had a continuous wall with many concavities. In addition, encapsulation process did not exert negative effect on the solubility of whey protein hydrolysate. The results indicated that encapsulation with maltodextrin and ??-cyclodextrin as carriers was helpful to attenuate the bitter taste and enhance the stability of whey protein hydrolysate.