A Mass Transport Model for Drying Wood under Isothermal Conditions

Mass transport in wood during drying can have different mechanisms at different periods of drying. Depending on the current moisture content (MC) and the structure of the wood, the driving forces for the mass transport are essentially different. Above the fiber saturation point (FSP), the lumens are partially saturated and the transport of liquid (free) water occurs as a consequence of capillary action. On the other hand, below the FSP, bound water within the cell walls is conveyed by diffusion, and water vapor in the lumens moves under influence of pressures gradient. Based on these considerations, a unified model is presented that takes into account the transport of the different moisture phases. Simulation of the drying of a Norway spruce sample at 50°C from about 135 to 7% MC is carried out using the finite element method (FEM). Comparison between the simulated average MC and the experimental observations obtained from X-ray computed tomography (CT) shows reasonable agreement. Possible simplifications in the model are briefly discussed as well as some aspects of the numerical implementation. Finally, the influence of absolute permeability on the average MC is studied.     

Some nitrosoamino acids in bacon adipose tissue and their contribution to the total N-nitroso compound concentration

Zusammenfassung Der Gehalt an Nitrosoaminosäuren und ihr Anteil an den Gesamt-N-Nitrosoverbindungen im Fettgewebe von rohem Schinkenspeck wurde untersucht. In 80% der Proben wurde ein Gehalt an Nitrosoaminosäuren von bis zu 0,2 mg/kg festgestellt. Scheinbare Gesamt-N-Nitrosoverbindungen waren in allen Proben in einer Konzentration von 0,4 bis 3,7 mg (N-NO)/kg vorhanden. Die eigentlichen Nitrosoaminosäuren machen nur etwa 1% der scheinbaren Gesamt-N-Nitrosoverbindungen aus. Die Mehrzahl der scheinbaren Gesamt-N-Nitrosoverbindungen im Fettgewebe findet sich im nichtlöslichen Bindegewebe, wobei der verbleibende Rest chloroformlöslich ist.Summary The levels of nitrosoamino acids and apparent total N-nitroso compounds in the adipose tissue of raw bacon have been examined. Nitrosoamino acids were detected in 80% of the samples in levels of up to 0.2 mg/kg. Apparent total N-nitroso compounds were present in all samples in concentrations of between 0.4 and 3.7 mg (N-NO)/kg. Nitrosoamino acids accounted for approximately only 1 % of the apparent total N-nitroso compounds. The majority of the apparent total N-nitroso compounds in the adipose tissue were associated with the insoluble connective tissue fraction, with the remainder present as chloroform soluble species.

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Einige Nitrosoaminosäuren im fettgewebe von Schinkenspeck und ihr anteil an der Konzentration der Gesamt-N-Nitrosoverbindungen

     

Vers une méthodologie de validation trans-culturelle de questionnaires psychologiques: Implications pour la recherche en langue fran?aise.

Proposes a cross-cultural validation methodology that allows for the validation of French versions of English psychological scales. The 7 basic steps in the method are described: (1) preparation of a preliminary French version; (2) evaluation and modification of the preliminary version; (3) evaluation of the experimental French version in a pretest; (4) evaluation of content and concomitant validity; (5) evaluation of reliability; (6) evaluation of construct validity; and (7) preparation of norms for the French version. Examples of each step are presented. (English abstract) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effect of backward priming on word recognition in single-word and sentence contexts.

Backward priming was investigated under conditions similar to those used in lexical ambiguity research. Ss received prime-target word pairs that were associated either unidirectionally (BABY-STORK) or bidirectionally (BABY-CRY). In Exp 1, targets were presented 500 ms following the onset of visual primes, and Ss made naming or lexical decision responses to the targets. Forward priming was obtained in all conditions, while backward priming occurred only with lexical decision. In Exp 2, primes were presented auditorily, either in isolation or in a sentence. Targets followed the offset of the primes either immediately or after 200 ms. Backward priming occurred with both response tasks, but only when the prime was an isolated word. Backward priming decreased over time with the naming task, but not with lexical decision. These results suggest that the locus of the backward priming effect is different for the 2 response tasks. Results support a context-independent view of lexical access. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

POLARIZATION BEHAVIOR OF PACKED-BED ELECTRODES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EXPERIMENTAL AND MODELING RESULTS

The current distribution and overall polarization behavior of electrodeposition at a flow-through (packed bed or fluidized bed) electrode are modeled by means of a one-dimensional model involving a primary reacting species and a simultaneous side reaction. The model equations are solved by orthogonal collocation; the time and storage requirements compare favorably to those of finite-difference methods. Experimental data obtained using a packed-bed electrode are compared with the model predictions and various methods of fitting the data are compared.     

Geometric criteria of hydrogen bonds in proteins and identification of `bifurcated' hydrogen bonds

Empirical criteria for identification of hydrogen bonds wereanalyzed to produce a set of geometrically consistent criteria.For a data set of 30 structures, application of a set of purelygeometrical criteria, along with exclusion of abnormal backboneconformations, also excluded a common interaction of Ser/Thrside chains with Asp/Glu side chains ([ST]/[DE] pairs). Theseinteractions were termed `bifurcated hydrogen bonds/', whichimplies delocalization of a positively charged hydrogen of hydroxylbetween the two acceptor atoms of the carboxylic group. These`bifurcated/' interactions are among the most common packingpatterns for [ST]/[DE] pairs of side chains. Therefore, theidentification of hydrogen bonds cannot be based on geometricalcriteria only and requires introduction of some physico-chemicalcriteria.     

Risk factors associated with recidivism among extrafamilial child molesters.

This study examined the predictive efficacy of 10 rationally derived, archivally coded variables for assessing reoffense risk among extrafamilial child molesters. Follow-up data on 111 child molesters who were discharged from the Massachusetts Treatment Center between 1960 and 1984 were used. Degree of sexual preoccupation with children, paraphilias, and number of prior sexual offenses predicted sexual recidivism. Juvenile and adult antisocial behavior, paraphilias, and low amount of contact with children predicted nonsexual victim-involved and violent recidivism. Area under the receiver-operating characteristic curves in all three analyses indicated discrimination that was substantially better than chance, ranging from .73 to .79. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION OF EPOXY ADHESIVE-BONDED STRUCTURES EXPOSED TO A HUMID ENVIRONMENT: A COMPARISONOF LOW- AND HIGH-FREQUENCY DIELECTRIC MEASUREMENTS

Broadband dielectric measurements (10 -2 to 3 GHz) are reported on the effects of exposure of thick film adhesive-bonded structures to moisture. Measurement of the dielectric properties over a broad frequency range allows identification of water both in voids and as a molecular dispersion in the matrix. Changes in the low frequency region of the dielectric spectrum can be attributed to a combination of processes associated with plasticisation of the adhesive, interfacial polarisation effects, and hydration of the surface oxide layer. The data obtained are complemented by mechanical testing and failure analysis of the bond structure measured as a function of the time of exposure. This study indicates that for thick film adhesives the ageing characteristics are apparently independent of the surface treatment. In one of the joints studied an additional feature is identified which appears to correlate with the premature aging of the joint structure.     

Influence of regular aerobic exercise on psychological health: A randomized, controlled trial of healthy middle-aged adults.

Evaluated 120 healthy, sedentary, middle-aged adults randomly assigned to either a 6-mo home-based aerobic exercise training program or to an assessment-only control condition. Adherence across the 6-mo period by the exercise group was demonstrated by self-report and heart rate microprocessor methods to exceed 75%. A 14-item Likert rating scale was used to measure a variety of psychological variables. Significant between-groups differences favoring the exercise group were found on scale items closely associated with actual physical changes that occurred with exercise (satisfaction with shape/appearance, perceived fitness). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

On Woolfolk and Richardson.

Comments on R. L. Woolfolk and F. C. Richardson's (see record 1985-12614-001) discussion of the ideology of behavior therapy and their argument that behavior therapy cannot develop a conception of what might be appropriate goals of treatment. The present author contends that goals are as much a scientific question as are questions of technique. A scientific approach to the study of goal selection is presented that can be applied to any type of adjustment problem. (8 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)