Transverse wakefield suppression using cell detuning assisted by manifold damping for high gradient linear colliders

Transverse wakefields excited by multiple bunches in ultra-relativistic charged particle beams in a linear collider must be adequately damped in order to preserve the luminosity of the colliding beams and to prevent a beam break up instability developing. Means of achieving this wakefield suppression are discussed in detail for high gradient normal conducting linacs. In particular the features of a damped and detuned series of structures (DDS) are described. Analytical expressions for the wakefield on short time scales are presented together with the circuit analysis required to rapidly analyse the general long-range behaviour in these linacs. A conspectus of experimental results along with theoretical predictions for this series of accelerating structures developed for the NLC/GLC is presented together with recent results on wakefield suppression for CLIC.     

Algorithmic issues for three-invariant hyperplastic Critical State models

Implicit stress integration and the consistent tangents are presented for Critical State hyperplasticity models which include a dependence on the third invariant of stress. An elliptical deviatoric yielding criterion [43] is incorporated within the family of geotechnical models first proposed by Collins and Hilder [8]. An alternative expression for the yield function is proposed and the consequences of different forms of that function are revealed in terms of the stability and efficiency of the stress return algorithm. Errors associated with the integration scheme are presented. It is shown how calibration of the two new material constants is achieved through examining one-dimesional consolidation tests and undrained triaxial compression data. Material point simulations of drained triaxial compression tests are then compared with established experimental results. Strain probe analyses are used to demonstrate the concepts of energy dissipation and stored plastic work along with the robustness of the integration method. Over twenty finite element boundary value problems are then simulated. These include single three-dimensional element tests, plane strain footing analyses and cavity expansion tests. The rapid convergence of the global Newton–Raphson procedure using the consistent tangent is demonstrated in small strain and finite deformation simulations.     

I DDQ testing in CMOS digital ASICs

I _DDQ testing with precision measurement unit (PMU) was used to eliminate early life failures caused by CMOS digital ASICs in our products. Failure analysis of the rejected parts found that bridging faults caused by particles were not detected in incoming tests created by automatic test generation (ATG) for stuck-at-faults (SAF). The nominal 99.6% SAF test coverage required to release a design for production was not enough! This article shows how I _DDQ testing and supplier process improvements affected our early life failure rates over a three year period. A typical I _DDQ measurement distribution, effects of multiple I _DDQ testing, and examples of the defects found are presented. The effects of less than 99.6% fault coverage after the I _DDQ testing was implemented are reviewed. The methods used to establish I _DDQ test limits and implement the I _DDQ test with existing ATG testing are included. This article is a revision of one given at International Test Conference [1].     

Characterization of solid state array cameras for the mid-IR

We present a characterization of some processes affecting the performance of solid state array cameras designed for ground based astronomical imaging in the 8–13μm atmospheric window. Our discussion includes a novel model for electron-hole generationrecombination noise based on the probable pathlength of an electron in a photoconductor. We use the Berkeley mid-IR Array Camera as an example. For this camera, the results show that the total optical system composed of the camera, a 3m telescope, and the atmosphere has an efficiency of about 3%, a 1σ noise equivalent flux density of 25 mJy min^?1/2arcsec^?2 measured over a Δλ/λ=10% band width, and a noise equivalent expressed as the ambient temperature thermal black body noise of 23%.     

Myrosinase activity of cruciferous vegetables

Myrosinase activity in partially purified extracts of 12 cruciferous vegetables and an acetone powder preparation of Sinapis alba L. (white mustard) was determined by the initial rate of glucose formation from glucosinolate hydrolysis using a coupled assay. Of the species studied Raphanus sativus L. (radish, 12.8±0.7 μmol min^?1g^?1 powdered tissue) had the greatest myrosinase activity, and Brassica campestris L. ssp. rapifera (turnip) and Nasturtium officinalis R.Br. (watercress) (0.6±0.1 and 0.8±0.03 μmol min^?1g^?1 powdered tissue respectively) the least. The sub-species of Brassica oleracea studied all had similar myrosinase activity (ca 2.5±0.2μmolmin^?1g^?1 powdered tissue) except B. oleracea L. var. gemmifera D.C. (Brussels sprouts) and B. oleracea L. var. capitata L. (white cabbage) which had higher activities (7.6±0.1 and 5.2±0.2μmol min^?1g^?1 powdered tissue respectively). The effect of ascorbate concentration upon the myrosinase activity of six of the crucifers studied and the white mustard preparation, revealed that the ascorbate concentration necessary to promote maximal activity varied with species. A concentration of 0.9mM ascorbate maximally activated radish and turnip myrosinase, while red cabbage, watercress, white mustard and Brussels sprouts were maximally activated at 2.0, 3.0, 5.0 and 0.7–1.0mM ascorbate respectively. Two peaks of maximal myrosinase activity, occurring between 0.9 and 1.0mM and at 3.0mM ascorbate, were found for B. oleracea L. var. botrytis L. subvar. cauliflora D.C. (cauliflower).     

The glucosinolate content of the leaf and stem of fodder kale (Brassica oleracea L.), rape (Brassica napus L.) and radicole (Raphanobrassica)

The glucosinolate content of three fodder kales, one fodder rape, one semi-artificial rape and one radicole were determined. The major glucosinolates (mmol kg^?1 dry matter) were: in kale leaf, glucobrassicin (3.21) and sinigrin (3.12); in kale stem, sinigrin (5.82); in rape leaf, gluconapin (3.14) and progoitrin (13.99); in rape stem, gluconapin (3.29) and progoitrin (20.18); in semi-artificial rape leaf, gluconapin (25.64) and progoitrin (9.00); in semi-artificial rape stem, gluconapin (35.33) and progoitrin (12.08); in radicole leaf, progoitrin (4.74) and glucobrassicin (3.28); and in radicole stem, gluconapin (3.26) and progoitrin (5.53). The implications for plant breeding are discussed.     

Efficient Non-Malleable Commitment Schemes

Non-malleability protects against man-in-the middle attacks on cryptographic protocols. Non-malleable commitment schemes, for example, assure that a commitment of a message does not help to produce a commitment of a related message. Here we present efficient constructions of such commitment schemes in the common reference string model based on standard assumptions such as RSA, factoring, or discrete logarithm. Our protocols require only three rounds and a few modular exponentiations, and provide statistical or even perfect secrecy of committed values.     

The dependence of electromagnetic energy absorption upon human-headmodeling at 1800 MHz

The authors of a previously published paper on the dependence of electromagnetic (EM) energy absorption concluded that homogeneous modeling of the human head is suited for assessing the spatial-peak absorption for transmitters operating at 900 MHz or below. Additional studies became necessary for the frequency bands utilized by new mobile communications systems (i.e., 1.5 and 2.5 GHz) since some peripheral tissue layers have a thickness of the range of λ/4-λ/2. The results of the simulations combined with worst-case considerations confirmed the anticipated and more complex relationship between absorption and anatomical details at these higher frequencies. Nevertheless, a homogeneous representation of the head is suited for assessing the maximum specific absorption rate (SAR) in the head of the user of mobile telecommunication equipment (MTE) if the appropriate dielectric parameters are chosen     

自动连续臭氧水生产设备

臭氧是一种极强的氧化剂。它在食品加工中的应用在美国和许多其它国家已被批准。臭氧不仅能够杀死细菌,而且对病毒也很有效。此外,臭氧对环境污染比氯气少,所以臭氧将会取代氯气在食品加工方面的许多用途。臭氧水是通过臭氧溶解于水得到的,它能用于处理食品的表面以及食品加工设备。臭氧水的杀菌能力通常是通过测定其氧化潜力(ＯＲＰ)来确定的。本论文介绍一种全自动连续高氧化潜力臭氧水生产器。在常温下,这种发生器就能在每分钟3加仑的流量下保持1000ｍＶ的氧化潜力,这个氧化潜力可以用来消毒食品及其加工设备,而且耗能极低。本论文还介绍…