微米纳米科学技术发展及产业化启示

近年来,微米纳米科学技术发展迅速,在产业化方面已经取得了不少进展．本文从发展现状和趋势上,结合我国具体情况,阐述了以下观点：开展创新工艺和设计方法研究,提高微机电（加EMs）应用和产业化能力;开展基础研究,提高MEMS器件和系统的水平;加强微米／纳米科学技术成果的结合．最后对今后研究工作提出了建议．     

菜籽油、马来酸酐、苯乙烯三元共聚反应的研究

用过氧化二苯甲酰作为引发剂,通过自由基共聚合反应,将马来酸酐接枝到菜籽油分子上,在菜籽油分子上引入亲水性的羰基.本文通过考察反应温度、引发剂和苯乙烯的用量等反应条件的影响,确定了最佳合成条件,为后续实验中将聚合物制备成皮革加脂剂提供了有用的基础数据.     

基于超图正则化的域适应偏最小二乘多工况软测量模型

针对流程工业中,因多工况导致数据分布变化引起传统软测量模型预测性能恶化问题,本文提出一种基于超图正则化的域适应多工况软测量回归模型框架.首先,采用非线性迭代偏最小二乘回归算法为基模型,在潜变量空间利用历史工况数据重构当前工况数据,以增强工况间的相关性,有效减小数据分布差异;同时,对重构系数施加低秩稀疏约束,保留了数据的局部和全局子空间结构;其次,通过超图拉普拉斯正则项对域适应潜变量求解过程进行约束,避免在寻找潜变量过程中破坏数据结构.最后,利用交替方向乘子法优化求解模型参数.在多个数据集上的实验表明,本文方法在多工况环境下可有效提高软测量模型的预测精度和泛化性能.     

改性海泡石除磷热力学研究

通过对改性海泡石的热力学性能研究,确定了改性海泡石对磷进行吸附的吸附容量、去除率和改性海泡石用量的关系。根据实验数据求解出吸附等温方程并绘制出等温吸附曲线。对等温吸附曲线进行拟合并比较相关系数的大小,得到改性海泡石的等温吸附方程。它符合修正后的Freundlich等温吸附方程:qe=10.4 4 Ci1.148 29.90。此方程较精确地描述了改性海泡石对P O34--的吸附量随浓度的变化,为改性海泡石的工业化除磷应用提供了理论依据。     

电声子耦合对量子点非平衡输运的影响

电子-声子耦合显著影响半导体量子点和单分子晶体管的非平衡输运.在非平衡格林函数运动方程方法的框架内,通过改进电声子解耦,发现低温下量子点谱函数中声子伴带明显依赖于两边电极费米能级与重整后局域能级的相对位置,呈现电子-空穴对称性破缺.Kondo峰的声子伴带分为两类,分别与由电子或空穴组成的多体自旋单态相对应.当局域能级存在Zeeman分裂时,两类不同起源的Kondo声子伴带在自旋分辨的谱函数中可以相互区分.谱函数的这些特性也体现在非线性微分电导谱中.     

反舰导弹突击岛礁区舰船末制导雷达开机距离和角度研究

为从战术层面提高雷达制导反舰导弹导引头截获岛礁区舰船的能力,在分析雷达导引头截获岛礁区舰船必要条件的基础上,建立了导弹、目标舰船与岛礁的位置关系模型,推导得到末制导雷达开机距离、攻击方位同岛目距离差、角度差的关系表达式,为判断是否满足截获条件提供了依据,并进行了仿真分析.研究成果为优化雷达制导反舰导弹攻击岛礁区目标舰船的作战使用奠定了基础.     

高温低氧燃烧技术在唐钢高线厂的应用

为了使应用高温低氧燃烧技术的加热炉达到高效节能、低污染物特别是低NO_x排放的目的,采用计算机数值模拟优化设计了加热炉的蓄热式燃烧系统,并运用冶金反应工程学方法开发了成套技术.该技术在唐钢高速线材厂的实际应用表明:在热装钢坯条件下单位能耗为0.879 GJ/t,炉子热效率在67%以上,各蓄热室的排烟温度在160℃以下,NO_x排放小于40×10^-6(体积分数).     

A Predictive Instrument for Sensitive and Expedited Measurement of Ultra-Barrier Permeation

The reliable operation of flexible display devices poses a significant engineering challenge regarding the metrology of high barriers against water vapor. No reliable results have been reported in the range of 10^–6 g∙(m²∙d)⁻¹, and there is no standard ultra-barrier for calibration. To detect trace amount of water vapor permeation through an ultra-barrier with extremely high sensitivity and a greatly reduced test period, a predictive instrument was developed by integrating permeation models into high-sensitivity mass spectrometry measurement based on dynamic accumulation, detection, and evacuation of the permeant. Detection reliability was ensured by means of calibration using a standard polymer sample. After calibration, the lower detection limit for water vapor permeation is in the range of 10^–7 g∙(m²∙d)⁻¹, which satisfies the ultra-barrier requirement. Predictive permeation models were developed and evaluated using experimental data so that the steady-state permeation rate can be forecasted from non-steady-state results, thus enabling effective measurement of ultra-barrier permeation within a significantly shorter test period.     

从上海外滩建筑改造更新看历史街区的生命力再造

文章从上海外滩建筑的更新改造着手,对历史街区和建筑的再利用进行多视角的研究,并在此基础上分析了基于设计师、开发者以及政府的多角度的历史建筑改造策略.     

Study on conductivity and redox stability of iron orthovanadate

FeVO₄ was synthesised by conventional solid state technique. Impedance measurements using a silver electrode were unsuccessful due to a solid state reaction between FeVO₄ and Ag, forming α-AgVO₃ and α-Fe₂O₃ at the interface. Impedance measurements, with a platinum electrode, reaffirmed that FeVO₄ exhibits semiconductor behaviour in air. In a reducing atmosphere, 5% H₂/Ar, high electronic conductivity, from 1 S cm⁻¹ at 300 °C to 2 S cm⁻¹ at 700 °C, was observed with an activation energy of 0.13(1) eV. X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry data determined that the change in electronic conductivity was due to the degradation of the material into FeV₂O₄ and α-Fe₂O₃. It is believed that the conduction was due to electron hopping between vanadium d-orbitals. Neither FeVO₄ nor FeV₂O₄ are deemed suitable as anode materials for solid oxide fuel cells, due to redox instability.