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91.
M J Gatti M E Fraga C Magnoli A M Dalcero C A da Rocha Rosa 《Food Additives & Contaminants》2003,20(12):1120-1126
A mycological survey was carried out on 115 samples of whole dried black pepper seeds, from two main production regions of Brazil (Pará and Espírito Santo). A high incidence of contamination was verified in both regions when 99.1% of the samples showed filamentous fungi contamination. A total of 497 species of nine different genera were isolated (Aspergillus, Eurotium, Rhizopus, Penicillium, Curvularia, Cladosporium, Absidia, Emericella and Paecilomyces). The genus Aspergillus was the predominant (53.5%) followed by species from the Eurotium genus (24.5%). Eurotium chevalieri (16.4%) was the most predominant species followed by A. flavus (14.6%) present on 55 samples of black pepper (47.8%) analysed. Twenty-five samples (21.7%) were contaminated with aflatoxigenic strains of A. flavus and A. parasiticus. In relation to the types of aflatoxins produced by mycotoxigenic strains, it was observed that 25 strains (44.6%) of 56 isolated of A. flavus produced aflatoxins. From 12 samples, A. ochraceus species were isolated in low frequency (3.5%). Two strains of A. ochraceus from 16 isolated were producers of ochratoxin A. With respect to the aflatoxins and ochratoxin A natural contamination, none of the samples presented detectable levels of these mycotoxins using thin-layer chromatographic analysis. 相似文献
92.
This work reports a systematic study on the structural and superconducting properties in the Hg-Sm-In-Pb system. It is investigated how In and Sm dopings influence the superconducting properties of the HgPb2 phase which was recently reported. Results for the HgSm1 − xPb2 system show that Sm atoms substitute Hg vacancies in the tetragonal phase which do not affect the onset critical temperature of the HgPb2 compound. Simultaneous Sm and In doping effects on the properties of the HgPb2 phase are also studied. Experimental and simulations of X-ray powder diffractograms suggest that the HgSm1 − xInxPb2 system (0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.7) has a pseudo-cubic structure with lattice parameters near 4.88 Å. Superconducting properties measurements show that this system has an optimum doping at x ∼ 0.5 with the onset critical temperature close to 6.9 K. This is the highest superconducting critical temperature for the AuCu prototype so far reported. 相似文献
93.
Steady-State Control Reference and Token Conservation Laws in Continuous Petri Net Systems 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mahulea C. Ramirez-Trevino A. Recalde L. Silva M. 《Automation Science and Engineering, IEEE Transactions on》2008,5(2):307-320
This paper addresses several questions related to the control of timed continuous Petri nets under infinite server semantics. First, some results regarding equilibrium states and control actions are given. In particular, it is shown that the considered systems are piecewise linear, and for every linear subsystem the possible steady states are characterized. Second, optimal steady-state control is studied, a problem that surprisingly can be computed in polynomial time, when all transitions are controllable and the objective function is linear. Third, an interpretation of some controllability aspects in the framework of linear dynamic systems is presented. An interesting finding is that noncontrollable poles are zero valued. 相似文献
94.
Herman Keith C.; Ostrander Rick; Walkup John T.; Silva Susan G.; March John S. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2007,75(5):716
A latent profile analysis was conducted on the co-occurring symptoms of 423 adolescents diagnosed with major depressive disorder as part of the Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS), a multisite, randomized treatment trial. The participants had a mean (SD) age of 14.6 (1.5) years; of the sample, 45.6% was male and 73.8% was white. Scores on the primary subscales of Conners' Parent Rating Scale-Revised were used as indicators in the analysis. Five classes of symptoms best described the clinical presentation of adolescents enrolled in the TADS. Of the adolescents in the sample, 80% were assigned to classes with clinically significant elevations on 1 or more subscales of the Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised. The 5 classes met empirical criteria for distinctiveness and were validated against clinical diagnoses, child-rated symptoms, and clinician-rated functional impairment. The findings are consistent with prior studies that showed a high rate of co-occurring symptoms among depressed adolescents. The discussion focuses on understanding subtypes and comorbidity in adolescent depression as well as the implications for treatment and for prevention. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
95.
We describe the design and operation of a new high-pressure metal ebulliometer which can operate at pressures to at least 3 MPa in the range 220–400 K. Infinite-dilution activity coefficients are presented for the system CHF2Cl + CF3-CH, at 275 K and for the system CF3-CH2F + CH2F2, at 260, 230, and 300 K. The Wilson activity coellicient model and a virial coefficient model are applied to these systems, and the phase equilibrium conditions are calculated. The results are shown to agree well with predicted and with published measured values. The excess enthalpy is calculated and compared with results from a Peng Robinson equation of state. Vapor densities on the dew curves are given. 相似文献
96.
Expanded on R. E. Fassinger's (see record 1990-21225-001) model of career choice in college women by testing 2 causal models of career choice and orientation with high school women. Ss were 409 adolescent women enrolled in their last year of high school in an all-female private liberal arts high school in a large Midwestern city. Structural equation modeling analyses suggested that the career orientation and career choice of adolescent women were predicted by ability, agentic characteristics, gender role attitudes, and relationship with mother. Young women who possessed liberal gender role attitudes, were instrumental and efficacious with regard to math and careers, and exhibited moderate degrees of attachment and independence from their mothers tended to value their career pursuits. Adolescent women who selected nontraditional and prestigious careers showed high ability and strong agentic characteristics. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
97.
The solution behaviour of a new mesogenic side group polyacrylate in tetrahydrofuran and toluene has been investigated by static and dynamic light scattering. In the dilute regime the polymer behaves as typical polydisperse linear chains in good solvent and the dynamics is dominated by a single fast mode. Cluster formation was detected starting at a concentration around 50 g l−1. It seems to be independent of the solvent as well as of polymer molecular weight. In the semidilute regime, the behaviour of the reduced osmotic modulus leads to the conclusion that repulsion between the chains is stronger than in linear macromolecules. The appearance of larger clusters was revealed above a characteristic concentration and is slightly dependent on the polyacrylate molecular weight. The dynamics was generally characterised by a fast mode related to the cooperative diffusion and by a slow mode associated with large clusters. The existence of a network of multiconnected clusters is envisaged with increasing solution concentration. 相似文献
98.
J. D. Carey R. C. Smith S. R. P. Silva 《Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics》2006,17(6):405-412
The influence of the different types of bonding present in a range of carbon based materials is discussed as a precursor to
describing the field emission characteristics of carbon cold cathode materials. Some of the controlling factors which govern
electron emission from carbon based cathodes are discussed. It is shown that from disordered carbon films the interplay between
the clustered sp2 phase and the insulating sp3 matrix is important. The transition from a ‘back contact’ to ‘front surface’ controlled emission mechanism is described in
terms of the sp2 content and field penetration. A possible reason for high field enhancement factors found in disordered films also is provided.
It is further shown that changes to the sp2 phase by current stressing can improve the field emission characteristics. Emission from carbon nanotubes is also discussed
and the prospects for new types of nanotube – polymer composite based cathodes are also considered. 相似文献
99.
Suely P. Freitas Fernando C. Da Silva Regina C. A. Lago & Raad Y. Qassim 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》1996,31(4):319-325
Shear rate vs. shear stress data were obtained on avocado pulp in water emulsions using a concentric cylinder rheometer and fitted to a power law model. Dilution, as volume fraction of water, had a pronounced effect on the apparent viscosity of the pulp emulsions and the Richardson equation, (ηR = exp.( a φ) for the emulsion viscosity fitted the data well. A mean slope coefficient, a , of 4.57 can be used as a first approximation. Enzymatic treatment (40°C, 1 h), is slightly more effective than thermal treatment (65°C, 1 h), in reducing the initial apparent viscosity of the pulp-water emulsions 相似文献
100.
Christophe Nguyen-the Boris Halna-du-Frétay & Alexandra Abreu da Silva 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》1996,31(6):481-487
Growth of aerobic mesophilic bacteria in mixed salad without dressing, containing cooked sweet corn and raw endive, was similar to that of raw endive alone. At 9°C, sweet corn permitted the growth of the lactic acid bacterium Leuconostoc mesenteroides , whenever the bacterium was present on raw endive, whereas no growth of lactic acid bacteria was recorded on raw endive alone. Listeria monocytogenes , artificially inoculated in the samples, grew more in the mixed salad than in the raw endive alone, for products stored at 6°C and 9°C. Acidification of sweet corn to pH 5.0 was proposed to reduce the development of L. monocytogenes in the mixed salad to a level similar to that recorded in the raw endive alone. Acidification with citric acid reduced spoilage of sweet corn, whereas acetic acid caused necrosis on the leaves of raw endive. 相似文献