Differences in physicochemical and antigenic properties of chlamydial strains

Antigenic analysis of Chlamydia psittaci, C. trachomatis, and Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) revealed basic physicochemical differences among the three chlamydial strains. These were manifested in structural, isoelectric points, absorption spectra, and in the characteristics of the chromophobe-containing proteins. The effective period of sonication for C. psittaci and C. trachomatis is around 60 min during which the linkages most susceptible to external sonication forces were broken, releasing all attainable cellular components. Denaturation studies demonstrated that less than 50% of protein content of C. psittaci was denatured after 1 h of sonication, only 5% in the case of C. trachomatis. The protein and carbohydrate content of the most reactive fractions in macrophage-spreading inhibition test were different for LGV and C. trachomatis. The structural differences appear to determine the antigenic properties observed among the chlamydial strains as well as the specificity and probably the mechanisms (s) of cellular immune reactivity to Chlamydiae. This in turn may explain the failure of chlamydial vaccines, prepared from stock strains, to protect immunized children against 'wild' chlamydial strains.     

Thermal Conductivity of Silicate and Borate Glasses

Thermal conductivities of silicate and borate glasses were determined at 30°C by steady-state methods. From the experimental data, factors representing the contribution of individual oxides (on a weight-percent basis) were calculated by the least-squares method. The experimental thermal conductivities and those calculated from the factors obtained agree fairly well.     

Microwave Hall-mobility measurements on vanadium bronze V2O5 (Na0.33V2O5 and Cu0.0083V2O5)

The Hall mobilities of two examples of vanadium-bronze are reported using microwave techniques. The hopping conduction mechanism is confirmed for the copper-vanadium-bronze by comparing the d.c. conductivity and mobility to the microwave conductivity and mobility.     

Erythema multiforme caused by saquinavir]

A multidisciplinary audit to monitor the introduction of a ward-based urine screening test using Multistix 10 SG was associated with a 40% reduction in the number of culture-negative samples being sent for laboratory testing. Ongoing education and support was provided for nursing staff throughout the process of change.     

Synthesis of high metal‐complexation linear elastomers containing sym‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine rings

We report the synthesis of polyurethane‐urea elastomers containing 1,2,4,5‐tetrazine covalently reacted within the main chains of the polymers. Our study investigates the synthesis of 3,6‐diamino‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine (DAT), the polymerization reaction conditions for reacting DAT into the backbone of segmented polyurethane elastomers, and the metal‐complexation capabilities of tetrazine‐containing elastomers with cobalt (II) chloride. Tetrazines are highly colored and electro‐active heterocyclic moieties, which have a very high electron affinity which make them reducible at high to very high potentials. Upon complexation with metals, we observed a strong color shift of the polymers from deep red to blue indicating the binding efficacy for the polymers. We quantified the metal‐complexation capability of the tetrazine elastomers and determined a molar ratio of approximately two metal atoms per tetrazine allowing us to provide a plausible complexation mechanism for the active polymers. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

Diameter of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs) as an Effective Factor in the Detection and Degradation of PCBs

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are chlorinated organic compounds and well known carcinogenic and toxic pollutants. Currently, their detection and degradation to products with less risk are among environmental and health priorities. Passing 2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-Hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB-153) through the armchair single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) (8, 8) and (10, 10) was investigated by Modified Neglect of Diatomic Overlap in the semi-empirical method. The analysis of results suggests that there are meaningful changes in the middle of the tubes. Based on the obtained evidence, the nanotubes have substantial potential to interact with the PCB-153 molecule effectively. The results show that the increased diameter in the armchair SWCNTs improves the detection and degradation potential of the tube to PCBs. According to the calculated thermodynamic parameters, the diameter of nano-structures is an effective factor in PCBs removal efficiency, as it could be helpful to make a more sensitive PCB nano-sensor.     

Radiation synthesis of hydrogels based on carboxymethyl cellulose and its application in removal of pollutants from wastewater

Synthesis of carboxymethyl cellulose‐g‐methacrylic acid/acrylamide Poly(CMC/MAAc:AAm) hydrogel was carried out using direct radiation copolymerization technique at ambient temperature. The gel (%) increased with increasing the content of AAm till level off at Poly(CMC/MAAc:AAm) (1/50:50 wt%) hydrogel and the swelling behavior found to be increased with increasing MAAc content in the hydrogel composition up to Poly(CMC/MAAc:AAm) (1/60:40 wt%). The grafting yield, grafting ratio, swelling behavior, and the thermal stability of Poly(CMC/MAAc:AAm) binary system are higher than those reported in our previous study by the same author which described the individual grafting of acrylamide (AAm) and methacrylic acid (MAAc) with different concentration onto carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) using direct radiation grafting technique. The swelling kinetics and diffusion mechanism indicate that the water penetration obey non‐Fickian transport mechanism. The characterization of the prepared hydrogel was evaluated using Fourier transform infrared, X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The analyses by different analytical tools confirmed the successful grafting of both MAAc and AAm onto CMC. The adsorption capacity of Poly(CMC/MAAc:AAm) (1/60:40 wt%) hydrogel toward metal ions such as Cu⁺² and Co⁺², dyes such as acid blue dye and methyl green have been investigated. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 25:E35–E43, 2019. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Reflection and refraction of incident p-, T-, and SV-waves at interface between magnetized two solid-liquid media with heat sources and initial stress with and without thermal relaxation times

We investigate the problem of reflection and refraction of thermoelastic waves at a magnetized solid-liquid interface in presence of initial stress. In the context of Green-Lindsay and coupled thermoelastic theories of thermoelasticity, the problem has been solved and the effect of magnetic field, external heat sources, and initial stress on p-, T-, and SV-waves propagation have been discussed. The boundary conditions at the interface for displacement continuity, vanishing the tangential displacement, continuity of normal force, tangential force, and continuity of temperature are applied. The amplitudes ratios for the incident p-, T-, and SV-waves have been obtained. The effect of the initial stress, heat sources, and magnetic field on the reflection and transmitted coefficients for the incident waves have been discussed.     

Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Heat Transfer in a Tall Vertical Concentric Annular Thermo-siphon at Constant Heat Flux Condition

The present work deals with the numerical and experimental analyses to study the detailed behavior of the thermally induced flow of water in an open vertical annulus, circulating through a cold leg forming a closed loop thermo-siphon. Spatio-temporal behavior of fluid flow is also studied for variety of heat fluxes. The annuli in the present study have a radius ratio of 1.184 and aspect ratio (length to annular gap) equal to 352. The objective of the present work is to quantify the effect of heating on design parameters such as liquid and wall temperatures, mass flow rate, and heat transfer coefficient. Experiments have also been conducted on a similar system with water at constant heat flux of 1 kW/m², 2.5 kW/m², 5 kW/m², 7.5 kW/m², 10 kW/m², 12.5 kW/m² and 15 kW/m². For numerical purpose, a two-dimentional solver has been developed for direct numerical simulation of the essential thermally induced flow dynamics The numerical solution was thus performed for Rayleigh numbers ranging between, 4.4 × 10³ and 6.61 × 10⁴ which correspond to the given heat flux, respectively.