全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2842篇 |
免费 | 215篇 |
国内免费 | 14篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 58篇 |
综合类 | 17篇 |
化学工业 | 680篇 |
金属工艺 | 69篇 |
机械仪表 | 44篇 |
建筑科学 | 139篇 |
矿业工程 | 6篇 |
能源动力 | 133篇 |
轻工业 | 110篇 |
水利工程 | 12篇 |
石油天然气 | 10篇 |
无线电 | 281篇 |
一般工业技术 | 597篇 |
冶金工业 | 250篇 |
原子能技术 | 8篇 |
自动化技术 | 657篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 60篇 |
2022年 | 95篇 |
2021年 | 163篇 |
2020年 | 113篇 |
2019年 | 106篇 |
2018年 | 114篇 |
2017年 | 126篇 |
2016年 | 133篇 |
2015年 | 103篇 |
2014年 | 161篇 |
2013年 | 196篇 |
2012年 | 215篇 |
2011年 | 230篇 |
2010年 | 142篇 |
2009年 | 149篇 |
2008年 | 133篇 |
2007年 | 101篇 |
2006年 | 90篇 |
2005年 | 46篇 |
2004年 | 54篇 |
2003年 | 48篇 |
2002年 | 34篇 |
2001年 | 38篇 |
2000年 | 29篇 |
1999年 | 35篇 |
1998年 | 73篇 |
1997年 | 42篇 |
1996年 | 19篇 |
1995年 | 25篇 |
1994年 | 17篇 |
1993年 | 12篇 |
1992年 | 13篇 |
1991年 | 15篇 |
1990年 | 20篇 |
1989年 | 9篇 |
1988年 | 5篇 |
1987年 | 7篇 |
1986年 | 6篇 |
1985年 | 14篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 7篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 8篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1977年 | 8篇 |
1976年 | 8篇 |
1975年 | 5篇 |
1973年 | 4篇 |
1972年 | 4篇 |
1971年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有3071条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
151.
Welf-Guntram Drossel Sebastian Hensel Burkhard Kranz Matthias Nestler Angela Goeschel 《CIRP Annals》2009,58(1):279-282
Adaptive systems with piezoelectric components offer significant opportunities for the active control of dynamic behaviour. Vibration and acoustics control as well as structural health monitoring are also possible. However ineffective production technologies prevent industrial applications. The authors are therefore proposing the integration of piezo-modules inside a double-layer sheet. The use of semi-cured adhesive avoids shear-forces being transferred to the piezo-modules during forming. After forming the adhesive will cure and the transfer of piezoelectric strain to the sheet is made possible. A detailed finite-element-model incorporating the electro-mechanical characteristics of the piezo-modules has been developed. The simulation results were validated experimentally. 相似文献
152.
Rozynek E Dzierzanowska-Fangrat K Korsak D Konieczny P Wardak S Szych J Jarosz M Dzierzanowska D 《Journal of food protection》2008,71(3):602-607
Campylobacter-associated gastroenteritis remains an important cause of morbidity worldwide, and some evidence suggests that poultry is an important source of this foodborne infection in humans. This study was conducted to analyze the prevalence and genetic background of resistance of 149 Campylobacter jejuni and 54 Campylobacter coli strains isolated from broiler chicken carcasses and from stool samples of infected children in Poland from 2003 through 2005. Nearly all isolates were susceptible to macrolides and aminoglycosides. The highest resistance in both human and chicken strains was observed for ciprofloxacin (more than 40%), followed by ampicillin (13 to 21%), and tetracycline (8 to 29%). Resistance to ampicillin and tetracycline rose significantly between 2003 and 2005. Slight differences in resistance between human and chicken isolates indicate that although chicken meat is not the only source of Campylobacter infection in our population, it can be involved in the transmission of drug-resistant Campylobacter strains to humans. 相似文献
153.
Three‐dimensional modeling of porosity development during the gasification of a char particle
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《American Institute of Chemical Engineers》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Kay Wittig Petr A. Nikrityuk Sebastian Schulze Andreas Richter 《American Institute of Chemical Engineers》2017,63(5):1638-1647
This work is devoted to the three‐dimensional, direct modeling of porosity and specific surface development during the gasification of a char particle. The model was developed for heterogeneous reactions occurring inside a char particle in a kinetically controlled regime. The main goal of this work is to analyze the impact of different pore size distributions on the particle carbon conversion rate. In particular, it is shown that under certain conditions the outer particle surface can influence the specific surface area. In this context the possible adaptation of the parameter ψ from the random pore model (RPM) developed by Bhatia and Perlmutter is explained. The results of simulations are compared against the RPM and discussed. Additionally, based on the results of simulations, the physics behind several input parameters used by the RPM are explored. Finally, the possible fragmentation of a chemically reacting char particle during its gasification in dependence of instantaneous porosity was investigated numerically. It was shown that the earliest fragmentation occurs at a carbon conversion of about 0.5–0.6 due to the disaggregation of the pore walls. The results are discussed and compared implicitly with data published in the literature. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 1638–1647, 2017 相似文献
154.
Sonja Kübelbeck Jules Mikhael Sebastian Schoof Annette Andrieu‐Brunsen Grit Baier 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2017,134(27)
Herein, we report the formation of α‐amylase containing polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs). The method for the encapsulation of α‐amylase is based on interactions between two oppositely charged polyelectrolytes, poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and polyethylenimine (PEI). We could show that electrostatic interactions ensure the incorporation of the enzyme into the formed polyelectrolyte complexes. The encapsulation has no negative effect on enzyme activity and protects against denaturation of the enzyme initiated by low pH values. The resulting PECs are 150–250 nm in size with narrow size distribution, appear in a spherical shape and are colloidally stable. The complexation of both polyelectrolytes and the immobilization of α‐amylase are investigated using fractionating techniques mainly the analytical ultracentrifugation and asymmetrical‐flow field‐flow fractionation. The formation of PECs represents a simple method for the encapsulation of α‐amylase without the use of organic solvents and requires no additional purifications steps. This one‐step approach, yielding high encapsulation efficiencies, shows the potential as a drug delivery system for sensitive hydrophilic actives in future. α‐amylase is immobilized in polyelectrolyte complexes made of polyethylenimine and poly(acrylic acid). Optimized encapsulation conditions and the resulting polyelectrolyte complexes are investigated via determination of IEP, α‐amylase activity assays, nanoDSC measurements, zeta potential values, dynamic light scattering, microscopy, and fractionating techniques. The encapsulated enzyme is protected against denaturation initiated by low pH values. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 45036. 相似文献
155.
156.
F. Tiarks T. Frechen S. Kirsch J. Leuninger M. Melan A. Pfau F. Richter B. Schuler C. -L. Zhao 《Progress in Organic Coatings》2003,48(2-4):140-152
Modern water-borne paints are widely used in different areas of applications ranging from high-gloss lacquers to flat, scrub-resistant interior paints. From this point of view, the pigment volume concentration (PVC) is one key-parameter adjusting the desired application properties. In high-gloss paints, for example, a low PVC is required to accommodate the proper surface roughness to achieve a high gloss. Consequently, a high concentration of TiO2 is needed to obtain a good hiding power at the same time. Flat paints nonetheless are highly filled due to cost reasons preferentially by CaCO3 and the pigment binding capacity of the binder is crucial. In this work, paint formulations differing in PVC, and the type of binder or dispersing agent were investigated by various techniques concerning the distribution and aggregation of pigment particles, e.g. TiO2. To get a detailed insight into the structure of the liquid paints and the corresponding dried paint films, suitable analytical tools were applied for characterization. The structure of the liquid paints was analyzed by remission light spectroscopy (RLS), disc centrifugation, cryogenic-replication transmission electron microscopy (Cryo-replica TEM) and cryogenic-scanning electron microscopy (Cryo-SEM). The pigment distribution in the corresponding dried paint films was examined by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM), TEM and RLS. The tendency of the TiO2-pigments to form aggregates was found to depend on both: first on the type of binder used in the formulation and second on the employed dispersing agent. It is shown that only by adjusting the properties of the binder in combination with common dispersants, it is possible to get well-distributed TiO2 particles within the paint. Correlation of application properties, e.g. gloss and blocking to the microscopic structure is presented. 相似文献
157.
Dietary Fatty‐Acid Compositions Are more Strongly Reflected in Fatty than Lean Dorsal Fillets of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Lipids》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
In this fish‐feeding study, we tested similarity patterns between fatty acids (FA) in diets and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) of fish ponds used for semi‐intensive aquaculture, containing naturally occurring pond zooplankton and different feeds (marine or terrestrial feeds) until carp reached market size. We evaluated if and how total lipid contents in dorsal fillets can reflect dietary FA compositions in farm‐raised common carp and hypothesized that increasing total lipid contents in dorsal fillets significantly increase the similarity between dietary and dorsal fillets’ FA compositions. Results of this study showed that carps had higher total lipids when supplied with marine feeds and dietary FA compositions were indeed more strongly reflected in fatty (i.e. high total lipid contents) than in leaner dorsal fillets (low total lipid contents). Increasing total lipid contents in dorsal fillets significantly increased the similarity between the dietary and dorsal fillets’ FA compositions. In contrast, leaner dorsal fillets had FA patterns that were more distinct from dietary FA. Total lipid contents higher than ~60 mg/g dry weight in dorsal fillets had only limited effects on increasing the similarity between FA compositions of diets and dorsal fillets, and were independent of feed sources. It is thus suggested that higher total lipid contents in dorsal fillets can be used as a proxy to predict dietary FA profiles in common carps, or perhaps even in farm‐raised fish in general. 相似文献
158.
Sebastian Leaper Ahmed Abdel-Karim Patricia Gorgojo 《Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering》2021,15(4):755
Membrane distillation (MD) is a thermal-based separation technique with the potential to treat a wide range of water types for various applications and industries. Certain challenges remain however, which prevent it from becoming commercially widespread including moderate permeate flux, decline in separation performance over time due to pore wetting and high thermal energy requirements. Nevertheless, its attractive characteristics such as high rejection (ca. 100%) of non-volatile species, its ability to treat highly saline solutions under low operating pressures (typically atmospheric) as well as its ability to operate at low temperatures, enabling waste-heat integration, continue to drive research interests globally. Of particular interest is the class of carbon-based nanomaterials which includes graphene and carbon nanotubes, whose wide range of properties have been exploited in an attempt to overcome the technical challenges that MD faces. These low dimensional materials exhibit properties such as high specific surface area, high strength, tuneable hydrophobicity, enhanced vapour transport, high thermal and electrical conductivity and others. Their use in MD has resulted in improved membrane performance characteristics like increased permeability and reduced fouling propensity. They have also enabled novel membrane capabilities such as in-situ fouling detection and localised heat generation. In this review we provide a brief introduction to MD and describe key membrane characteristics and fabrication methods. We then give an account of the various uses of carbon nanomaterials for MD applications, focussing on polymeric membrane systems. Future research directions based on the findings are also suggested. 相似文献
159.
160.
In this paper, a novel cooling strategy for high performance cutting is presented. A metalworking fluid, composed of water and polyhydric alcohols is applied at temperatures below 0 °C, but above the temperatures used for cryogenic cutting. This cooling strategy is applied when rough turning Ti-6Al-4V. An analysis of temperatures, forces, tool wear and chip formation is carried out. The results are compared with those obtained using emulsion, CO2, LN2, and dry turning. It can be shown that when tempering the sub-zero metalworking fluid down to ?30° C, tool temperatures as well as tool wear are reduced, and favourable chips are produced. 相似文献