Energy optimization in path arbitrary wireless sensor network

A network of wireless sensors is a self-infrastructure approach with many sensory nodes. The distributed sensory nodes communicate with each other via sensory points. In wireless sensor network (WSN), the sensory nodes collect information for healthcare, military and monitoring systems. Such networks require an exclusive arrangement of the nodes to challenge inherent limitations and energy deficiency. The conventional design of a communication system consumes more energy with high latency causing degraded performance. This study provided a machine learning-based path optimization mechanism using the least energy resources in designing an effective wireless network system with enhanced three measures of network performance, including throughput, packet delivery efficiency and energy usage. The proposed methodology is validated through network simulation tools.     

Concurrent simulation of neutral flow in the GEC reference cell

This paper describes computational techniques for concurrent Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) of neutral flow inside three‐dimensional plasma reactors. These techniques are designed to reduce the overall time to obtain realistic three‐dimensional results. A simulation problem is first defined by automatically generating a tetrahedral grid. This grid is statically partitioned in order to achieve scalable memory utilization. Parallel algorithms allow high‐performance multicomputer architectures to be leveraged to reduce simulation time. Adaptive gridding techniques are employed to maintain the desired accuracy in the presence of dynamic flow variations. Load balancing algorithms, based on heat diffusion, are used to maximize efficiency. Finally, automatic granularity control is used to ensure appropriate granularity for load balancing and for maximum processor utilization. Simulation results are presented for a simulation of the GEC reference cell in a flow configuration of industrial relevance. Performance results are presented for large‐scale multicomputers, symmetric multiprocessors and networks of PCs. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Formation of Highly Luminescent Supramolecular Architectures Possessing Columnar Order from Octupolar Oxadiazole Derivatives: Hierarchical Self‐Assembly from Nanospheres to Fibrous Gels

The synthesis and study of the liquid crystalline, photophysical, and aggregation behavior of novel octupolar oxadiazole derivatives are reported. These molecules formed columnar mesophases at elevated temperatures which transformed into a glassy state at ambient temperatures wherein the columnar order was retained. Their spontaneous concentration dependent hierarchical self‐assembly from spheres to fibrous gels has been investigated using TEM, SEM, and XRD. Retention of the hexagonal columnar (Col_h) order was also observed in the fibrous aggregates. Concentration dependent luminescence spectral studies indicated that the change in morphology from spheres to fibrous aggregates was associated with a shift in chromophore packing from predominantly H‐type to J‐type aggregates. Time resolved anisotropic investigations revealed that the columnar stacking of molecules in the aggregated state provided a pathway for excitation energy migration to the lower energy J‐traps.     

Inventory lot-sizing with supplier selection under non-stationary stochastic demand

Inventory lot-sizing and supplier selection problem has been studied in the literature considering mainly time-varying deterministic demand. However, in real life, most of the products exhibit non-stationary stochastic demand. In this context, we propose an integer linear programming model for inventory lot-sizing and supplier selection problem under non-stationary stochastic demand with all-units quantity discounts and fill rate constraints. Through detailed analysis of experimental results, we show the impacts of fill rate requirements and demand coefficient of variation on costs, inventory levels and order allocations.     

Nanostructured Bi2O3@TiO2 photocatalyst for enhanced hydrogen production

Here we report on Bi₂O₃ clusters immobilized on anatase TiO₂ nanostructures for an enhanced rate of photocatalytic H₂ evolution. Structural, morphological, and optical properties of the Bi₂O₃@TiO₂ nanocomposite (BT) were characterized by a series of techniques including X-ray diffraction, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The catalytic H₂ evolution experiments were carried out under different light sources: natural solar light, LED UV (365 ± 5 nm) and LED visible (420 ± 5 nm) light source. Under the solar light a pristine anatase TiO₂ nanostructured (TNS) catalyst generated 4.20 mmol h^?1 g^?1, whereas in the presence of Bi₂O₃@TNS showed much higher H₂ production 26.02 mmol h^?1 g^?1. The photocatalytic activity of the BT and its reproducible performance for five recycles is ascribed to an efficient separation of photogenerated charge carriers. A plausible reaction mechanism for the H₂ generation is proposed.     

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: An unusual presentation of tuberculosis in hemodialysis patients

We report a series of three patients with end‐stage renal disease on maintenance hemodialysis presenting with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) as an unusual manifestation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. All three patients were middle‐aged men. They presented with fever, pancytopenia, varying degrees of hepatosplenomegaly, abnormal liver function tests, coagulopathy, increased serum ferritin, and triglycerides. Tests for fever work‐up were negative. Bone marrow examination revealed hemophagocytosis and caseating granuloma. Acid fast bacilli were demonstrated in two patients. The HLH‐2004 diagnostic criteria suggested by the histiocytic society were followed to arrive at the diagnosis. All of them succumbed to death even before the definitive diagnosis could be made. We suggest that aggressive diagnostic work‐up must be done when hemodialysis patients present with fever and pancytopenia. Priority should be toward early diagnosis and appropriate treatment to improve the prognosis.     

Sigma-2 receptor ligand anchored telmisartan loaded nanostructured lipid particles augmented drug delivery,cytotoxicity, apoptosis and cellular uptake in prostate cancer cells

Recently, the anticancer activity of telmisartan (TEL) has been discovered against prostate cancer. Nevertheless, despite favorable therapeutic profile, poor aqueous solubility and suboptimal oral bioavailability hamper the anticancer efficacy of TEL. Therefore, in this investigation, sigma-2 receptor ligand, 3-(4-cyclohexylpiperazine-1-yl) propyl amine (CPPA) anchored nanostructured lipid particles of telmisartan (CPPA-TEL-NLPs) were engineered using stearic acid for targeting prostate cancer, PC-3 cells. The mean particle size of TEL-NLPs was measured to be 25.4?±?3.2?nm, significantly (p?p?p?In vitro drug release study was conducted to determine the drug delivery potential of tailored nanoparticles. TEL-NLPs released 93.36% of drug significantly (p?50 of CPPA-TEL-NLPs was measured to be 20.3?µM significantly (p?50 of 41.3?µM, significantly (p?>?0.05) not different from 43.4?µM, exhibited by TEL-NLPs in PNT-2 cells. We elucidated that CPPA-TEL-NLPs entered the PC-3 cells via receptor mediated endocytosis pathway and thus exhibited superior cytotoxicity, apoptosis and greater extent of cellular uptake in PC-3 cells. In conclusion, CPPA-TEL-NLPs may be a promising nanomedicine and warrant further in vivo investigations for gaining clinical success.     

Exact Time Evolution of the Asymmetric Hubbard Dimer

We examine the time evolution of an asymmetric Hubbard dimer, which has a different on-site interaction on the two sites. The Hamiltonian has a time-dependent hopping term, which can be employed to describe an electric field (which creates a Hamiltonian with complex matrix elements), or it can describe a modulation of the lattice (which has real matrix elements). By examining the symmetries under spin and pseudospin, we show that the former case involves at most a 3 × 3 block—it can be mapped onto the time evolution of a time-independent Hamiltonian, so the dynamics can be evaluated analytically and exactly (by solving a nontrivial cubic equation). We also show that the latter case reduces to at most 2 × 2 blocks, and hence, the time evolution for a single Trotter step can be determined exactly, but the time evolution generically requires a Trotter product.     

Carbon as a sacrificial alloying element in processing Fe-P soft magnetic alloys

The present investigation deals with designing Fe-P based binary alloy produced by in-house developed powder metallurgical technique based on ‘Hot Powder Preform Forging’. Proper soaking of preforms at high temperature (1050°C) eliminates iron-phosphide eutectic and brings entire phosphorus into solution in iron. Attempting hot forging thereafter completely eliminates hot as well as cold shortness and thereby helps to form these preforms into very thin sheets of 0.5mm. The use of costly hydrogen atmosphere during sintering has been eliminated by use of addition of carbon. The glassy ceramic coating applied over the compact serves as a protective coating to avoid atmospheric oxygen attack over the compact held at high temperature. The alloy so formed was subjected to density examination at various stages. Microstructural study has been carried out to estimate the grain size, volume percentage porosity in the alloy and uniform distribution of phosphorus in iron matrix. Fe-0.07wt% C-0.3wt% P alloy so formed yielded coercivity as low as 0.45 Oe, resistivity as high as 17.4 μΩcm and total loss as low as 0.176 W/Kg. The alloy which is drawn to thin sheets could find its possible application in manufacturing transformer cores.