兰州某地铁车站深基坑开挖变形特性及环境影响分析

针对兰州城区工程地质水文条件复杂的问题,为了研究该地区地铁车站深基坑开挖过程中支护结构的变形受力特点和对周边环境的影响,以迎门滩站深基坑工程为典型案例进行分析。该车站基坑所在区段属黄河漫滩区,地铁穿过地层主要为卵石土,水位5～8 m。该基坑围护结构采用钻孔灌注桩+钢管内支撑体系。采用PLAXIS 3D有限元分析软件对该基坑建立三维有限元计算模型,土体本构模型采用土体硬化(HS)模型,依据工程实际开挖工况进行分部开挖计算,根据计算结果对桩撑式支护结构的变形和受力及基坑周边地表和地下管线的变形进行了分析。结果表明:围护桩的变形量、地表沉降量和管线位移量会随着基坑开挖深度的增加有逐渐累积的趋势,但在架设内支撑并施加预应力后,这些变形量的增速会减缓甚至变形量会减小。内支撑施加预应力之后自身轴力会有较大增加,之后基本保持不变,对其他内支撑轴力的影响较小。各变形量均在控制范围之内,满足设计和环境要求,表明该深基坑采用的钻孔灌注桩+钢管内支撑支护体系设计合理。研究成果可为后续黄土地区类似地铁车站深基坑工程建设提供一定的参考依据。     

边界约束对弯曲-伸展元三轴波速试验的影响

利用弯曲-伸展元开展干砂小应变剪切波试验和除气水压缩波试验,研究了三轴试样的不同约束边界对弯曲-伸展元量测剪切波速和压缩波速的影响,并对波速试验结果进行分析。研究结果表明:以干砂为试验对象的剪切波速试验结果介于砂土中剪切波速与边界材料的剪切波速之间,受到约束边界的材质、长度和壁厚的显著影响;而以除气水为试验对象的压缩波速试验结果受样品约束边界的影响较小。在不同约束材质下,剪切波在干砂中的传播速度与约束材料的刚度有关,材料的刚度越小对干砂剪切波速测试结果影响越小。弯曲-伸展元激发频率的相关性与边界约束无关,只与测试材料有关。研究成果有助于获取准确的弯曲-伸展元波速试验结果。     

混有CACC车辆和ACC车辆的混合交通流驾驶舒适性

为了探索协同自适应巡航控制(cooperative adaptive cruise control,CACC)车辆对交通系统的潜在影响,分析了CACC车辆市场普及过程中存在的CACC车辆、自适应巡航控制(adaptive cruise control,ACC)车辆与人工驾驶车辆混合交通流驾驶舒适性.应用加州伯克利PATH实车验证的ACC模型和CACC模型进行数值仿真实验,采用国际ISO-2631-1标准评价混合交通流舒适性,并对ACC和CACC期望车间时距进行参数敏感性分析.最后,从交通流稳定性的角度,对舒适性仿真结果进行了讨论.结果表明:随着CACC市场率的增加,舒适性呈现先恶化、再逐渐提升的趋势.较大的ACC车间时距有利于抑制舒适性的恶化程度,CACC车辆对舒适性的提升作用不受其车间时距取值的影响.混合交通流稳定性定性地决定了舒适性的变化趋势,人工车辆安装车车通信设备,有助于舒适性的逐渐提升.     

大内跨小边跨框架结构预应力筋优化布置方法

预应力筋的优化布置是大内跨小边跨的多跨预应力混凝土框架结构合理设计计算的关键.为满足控制截面承载力最大的需要,以往常将大跨所需预应力筋布置为连续曲线,并按水平直线延伸通过其相邻的两小跨,按这种布置方式仅使大跨内产生竖向向上的预应力等效荷载,可较好平衡大跨的竖向外荷载;而若将大跨及相邻的两小跨统一考虑,预应力筋按连续曲线布置,张拉产生的预应力等效荷载不但可有效平衡大跨的竖向外荷载而且也可平衡小跨的竖向外荷载,可以使荷载平衡得到优化实现.以一典型工程为例,分析了在相同条件下两种预应力筋布置过程中张拉引起的综合弯矩、主弯矩和次弯矩的分布和量值上差异,比较了两类布筋形式对正截面承载力计算结果的影响,验证了对大内跨小边跨框架结构统一考虑后整体上按三段连续正反抛物线预应力筋布置的合理性.     

Preparation and performance research of cement-based grouting materials with high early strength and expansion

Main performance of the cement grouting materials made up by Portland cement(PC) and sulphoaluminate cement(SAC) was investigated in this program, a kind of expanding agent(EA) which was mainly constituted by metakaolin and alunite was utilized for the compensation of the shrinkage, the hydration products and micro structure of the grouting materials were researched by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that a high expansion rate of the grouting materials could be reached as the expanding agent mixed in 6% of PC mass; the addition of SAC in the S2(PC:SAC:EA=34:6:2.25) brought a further improvement of the expansion rate of the grouting materials, the analysis of XRD and SEM showed that due to the reaction of expanding agent and SAC in the grouting materials, more ettringite crystal was generated, which resulted in a higher early strength, the addition of SAC played an expansion and strength reinforcement role in the grouting materials.     

Synthesis of HTPB based PU-PS IPN membrane for pervaporation recovery of butanol

Hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene(HTPB) based polyurethane(PU)-polystyrene(PS) interpenetrating polymer network(IPN) was prepared and characterized by FTIR, TGA, WCA, swelling experiments, and SEM. The IPN was used for pervaporation(PV) recovery of butanol. Both the permeation flux and separation factor increased with feed temperature, and both water and butanol fluxes increased with feed concentration while no obvious effect of concentration on separation factor was found. Through the formation of IPN structure, the total flux of HTPB based PU increased greatly with the decrease of separation factor. At the feed temperature of 60 °C, the IPN membrane obtained a total flux of 613.3 g/m~2 h with a separation factor of 6.15.     

High precision frequency measurement based on the characteristic of the fuzzy area

The phase difference change is random in the discrete fuzzy area by considering the limit of device resolution, which the device can not stably capture, and the precision of the measured value only reaches the level of ns, but the phase difference change in the concentrated fuzzy area is step by step, and the device can stably capture the change of ps. By using the fuzzy area conversion technology, a high precision frequency measurement is designed. Through computer control and frequency synthesis,the discrete fuzzy area is converted to the concentrated fuzzy area, the ps stability properties of phase difference change on the border of the concentrated fuzzy area is used, the precision can be improved two or three orders of magnitude, and the high precision measurement in a wide range is achieved.     

MIMO radar waveform design in the presence of clutter and colored noise

The existing MIMO radar waveform design methods only deal with the optimization of radar waveform with the presence of clutter or colored noise, and unfortunately can not get the optimal waveform with the scenario when the clutter and colored noise coexist, which is more realistic in practical applications. To address this problem, a novel MIMO radar waveform design method based on mutual information in the presence of clutter and colored noise is proposed. The proposed scheme considers the influence of the target's response, clutter and colored noise on the optimization of the radar waveform. The mathematical expression for the transmit waveform matrix is achieved by theoretical derivation. What is more important, an optimal pairing of the eigenvectors of the target, clutter and colored noise is given and the power allocation for each antenna is optimized by the water-filling method. Simulation results show that when the total transmit power is 10dB, the proposed method's MI is 8bit and 4bit more than that of the general water-filling method and the method which only considers the pairing of the target's response and noise, respectively.     

四川青南大道跨达成铁路变高度转体桥施工方案优化研究

四川青南大道跨达成铁路变高度转体桥原设计方案存在工期滞后、质量不易控制等问题,针对工程特殊性和施工特点,采用整体浇筑两次预应力张拉施工优化方案。分析了优化方案预应力施工工序、控制要点,探讨了支架搭设方案比选、整体浇筑时的注意事项、钢束预应力施加及质量控制方法等。     

高校专业课课堂教学方法的调查与实践

为了更好地开展专业课的课堂教学活动,从学生基本情况、平时成绩评定方式、教师教学过程、课程考核方式、多媒体教学方式、课件共享方式等6个方面设计了调查问卷,对华北水利水电大学农业水利工程专业的学生展开调查。调查结果表明,72.6%的学生赞成全员点名的考核方式,48.4%的学生赞成以论述题或案例分析为主的开卷考试方式;68.6%的学生希望与老师互动交流或进行课堂分组案例讨论;为了便于复习和整理笔记,60%的学生喜欢以幻灯片为主板书为辅的教学内容呈现方式,且希望老师允许学生拷贝课件。