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31.
32.
Kazunori Komatani Shinichi Ueno Tatsuya Kawahara Hiroshi G. Okuno 《User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction》2005,15(1-2):169-183
We address the issue of appropriate user modeling to generate cooperative responses to users in spoken dialogue systems. Unlike
previous studies that have focused on a user’s knowledge, we propose more generalized modeling. We specifically set up three
dimensions for user models: the skill level in use of the system, the knowledge level about the target domain, and the degree of urgency. Moreover, the models are automatically derived by decision tree learning using actual dialogue data collected by the system.
We obtained reasonable accuracy in classification for all dimensions. Dialogue strategies based on user modeling were implemented
on the Kyoto City Bus Information System that was developed at our laboratory. Experimental evaluations revealed that the
cooperative responses adapted to each subject type served as good guides for novices without increasing the duration dialogue
lasted for skilled users. 相似文献
33.
34.
Shinichi Tamura 《Pattern recognition》1982,15(6):477-483
This paper deals with a separation of strongly touching clusters using a concept of n-connectedness between pattern pairs, i.e., the number of paths between patterns. This new concept is similar to the concept of n-connectedness of graphs. Classification algorithms based on the number of independent paths and edge-disjoint paths are presented. It is shown that the latter has a transitivity. Finally, a simpler algorithm, i.e., a classification method based on the total number of paths, is presented. The proposed algorithm may be seen as an intermediate one between the ordinary connectedness algorithm and the maximal complete subgraph (MCS) algorithm. 相似文献
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37.
The particle deposition mechanism in a plane stagnation flow is investigated analytically and numerically. Particle deposition efficiency ηTID is obtained theoretically by taking into account particle inertia, diffusion and interception. It is compared with various calculated deposition efficiencies, i.e. ηT (due to inertia) + ηI (due to interception) + ηD (due to diffusion), ηTI, (due to inertia and interception) + ηD, etc. In the region where all of the three deposition mechanisms, i.e. inertia, interception and diffusion, act at the same time, real deposition efficiency ηTID is not accurately expressed by ηT + ηI + ηD. However, ηTID is nearly equal to ηTI + ηD unless the interception parameter is zero.The calculated results of particle concentration indicate that a high concentration region is formed near the deposition plate, and that the concentration becomes higher as particle inertia increases. 相似文献
38.
Summary
Mukaiyama aldol reaction smoothly occurred between
bis(triethylsilyl enol ether) and dialdehyde in the presence of
Lewis acid catalyst to yield polymers that consist of -hydroxy
carbonyl repeating units. When chirally modified Lewis acid
catalyst was used, the optically active poly(-hydroxy ketone)s
were obtained by means of the asymmetric aldol
polymerization. 相似文献
39.
Effects of low-dose cadmium exposure on biological examinations 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
We conducted an epidemiological study to investigate the effects of low-dose cadmium (Cd) exposure on human health in a specific area of a town in Japan where low Cd concentration was detected in rice. We compared clinical findings, urinary and whole blood Cd concentrations, and indicators of renal dysfunction between the polluted area and the control area. The study employed 44 men and 54 women from the polluted area and 21 men and 29 women from the control area. In urine analysis, as indicators of Cd exposure and possible related renal dysfunction, Cd, beta(2)-microglobulin (beta(2)-MG), alpha(1)-microglobulin (alpha(1)-MG), N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), total protein, inorganic phosphorus, lysozyme and creatinine were quantitatively measured. In blood analysis, serum IP and creatinine and whole blood Cd were measured. No case of renal dysfunction due to Cd exposure was confirmed. However, both the urinary and whole blood Cd of the polluted area were significantly higher than those of the control area for both sexes. Urinary beta(2)-MG did not differ between the two areas. For women, urinary alpha(1)-MG was significantly higher in the polluted area than in the control area. In correlation analysis, beta(2)-MG, alpha(1)-MG and NAG, were positively correlated with both of urinary and whole blood Cd for men and women in the polluted area except for between urinary beta(2)-MG and urinary Cd for men. In the control area, the sole positive correlation observed was between urinary beta(2)-MG and whole blood Cd for men. We then examined the determinants of variations of parameters in urinary and blood tests. Potential determinants were age, sex, body mass index, an indicator of smoking habits (cigarette index) and the index of estimated Cd intake from rice (Cd-rice-index). Cd-rice-index was expressed as the product of Cd concentrations in homegrown rice multiplied by daily frequency multiplied by duration (years) of residence in the polluted area. In multiple regression analysis, whole blood Cd was independently associated with Cd-rice-index, age and gender. Variations in whole blood Cd accounted for a substantial portion of the variations in urinary Cd, although they were less influential in older individuals. Whole blood Cd was the sole independent variable related to variations in urinary beta(2)-MG. Cd-rice-index accounted for a portion of the variance in urinary NAG, while age was a more powerful determinant. It was thus revealed that the consumption of homegrown rice polluted with Cd in low concentration resulted in an elevation of whole blood Cd level and consequent increase in urinary Cd level. However, it was not clearly elucidated that the excretion of urinary low-molecular microglobulins could increase significantly in response to slight elevation of Cd body load. 相似文献
40.
Visibility determination is one of the oldest problems in computer graphics. The visibility, in terms of back-to-front polygon
visibility ordering, is determined by updating a priority list as the viewpoint moves. A new list-priority algorithm, utilizing
a property of Voronoi diagrams, is proposed in this paper. The operation is in two phases. First, in a pre-processing phase
the scene is divided into Voronoi cells. A sub-list associated with each cell contains references to those polygons that intersect
with it. The polygons are assigned a fixed set of view-independent priority orders within the cluster. Last, an interactive
phase sorts the clusters according to the depth value of each Voronoi site. The most time-consuming work is performed during
the pre-processing phase that only has to be executed once for the scene. Since all the polygons in a cell are pre-computed
to obtain the fixed priority order within the cluster, a relatively simple task is left in the interactive phase, which is
only to sort the clusters repeatedly when the viewpoint is changed. This method contains performance benefits that make it
better shaped than previous BSP based methods. 相似文献