Kinetic and molecular weight control for methyl methacrylate semibatch polymerization. II. Open control

The gel effect will bring a violent increase of conversion for methyl methacrylate (MMA) polymerization in a short time. It will be very dangerous for the reactor, as it causes an increase of molecular weight and broadens the molecular weight distribution. To unify the kinetics, molecular weight, and its distribution, on the basis of the mathematical models for semibatch polymerization of MMA, three controlled objectives that are the heat load distribution index, the change in molecular weight, and molecular weight distribution index are presented. Three materials (monomer, solvent, and chain transfer agent) and their flow rate and feeding mode are analyzed for the open control of kinetics, molecular weight, and its distribution. The optimum flow rate and mode are obtained. The heat load distribution index and molecular weight distribution index are even less than 2.0 and 2.2, respectively. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 4399–4405, 2006     

Cure kinetics of T700/BMI prepreg used for advanced thermoset composite

A new isothermally based, cure kinetic model for the prepreg was presented using an industrially supplied prepreg rather than pure resin. The matrix resin was bismaleimide (BMI) resins, and the reinforcement was carbon fiber T700–12S. The BMI prepreg was measured from 170 to 220°C by isothermal DSC. The isothermal cure reaction heat increases with the increment of cure temperature. The DSC data were analyzed by the proposed nth‐order reaction model. An increase in reaction rate was observed at higher temperature in both neat and prepreg. After reaching the peak value, the reaction rate dropped off faster in prepreg, resulting in a lower average value of the ultimate heat of reaction. It was suggested the presence of carbon fiber had an effect on the cure kinetics as a heat sink. The carbon fibers imposed restrictions on the molecular mobility of the reactive species and did not change the cure mechanism. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 2238–2241, 2005     

D级压力容器制造许可证鉴定评审中企业存在问题综述

阐述了在D级压力容器制造许可证取换证鉴定评审过程中,取换证制造企业存在的较为普遍的问题。     

Effect of montmorillonite on properties of styrene–butadiene–styrene copolymer modified bitumen

Clay/styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) modified bitumen composites were prepared by melt blending with different contents of sodium montmorillonite (Na‐MMT) and organophilic montmorillonite (OMMT). The structures of clay/SBS modified bitumen composites were characterized by XRD. The XRD results showed that Na‐MMT/SBS modified bitumen composites may form an intercalated structure, whereas the OMMT/SBS modified bitumen composites may form an exfoliated structure. Effects of MMT on physical properties, dynamic rheological behaviors, and aging properties of SBS modified bitumen were investigated. The addition of Na‐MMT and OMMT increases both the softening point and viscosity of SBS modified bitumens and the clay/SBS modified bitumens exhibited higher complex modulus, lower phase angle. The high‐temperature storage stability can also be improved by clay with a proper amount added. Furthermore, clay/SBS modified bitumen composites showed better resistance to aging than SBS modified bitumen, which was ascribed to barrier of the intercalated or exfoliated structure to oxygen, reducing efficiently the oxidation of bitumen, and the degradation of SBS. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 47:1289–1295, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Preparation and characterization of antibacterial silver-dispersed activated carbon aerogels

Silver-dispersed carbon aerogels (CAs) were obtained by direct immersion of organic aerogels prepared by ambient pressure drying technique in AgNO₃ aqueous solution and then carbonization. The effect of preparation conditions such as the resorcinol/catalyst ratio, the feed AgNO₃ concentration, the ratio of aerogel mass/solution volume, immersion time and carbonization temperature on the bulk density and silver content as well as the BET surface area of the dispersed CAs was studied. The dispersion and structure of silver nanoparticles in obtained materials were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The Ag-dispersed CAs prepared exhibit strong and long-term antibacterial activity.     

掺铜TiO^2光催化剂光催化氧化还原性能的研究

利用浸渍法制备了掺铜二氧化钛光催化剂，分别以乙酸降解和二氧化碳还原反应为探针，研究了催化剂的光催化氧化光催化还原性能．结果表明，铜掺杂能显著提高催化剂的光催化性能；结合光电子能谱、X光衍射分析等物理表征结果，对铜掺杂改性机制进行了讨论．     

空气气氛中烧成Si3N4-SiC复合材料的性能、相组成和显微结构

以氮化硅细粉(粒度＜0.088 mm,w(β-Si3N4)＞95%)、碳化硅(w(SiC)＞98%,粒度分别为2.8～0.9mm、0.9～0.15 mm、＜0.115 mm和＜0.063 mm四级)、硅粉(粒度＜0.045 mm,w(Si)＞98%)和硅灰(w(SiO2)=98.3%)为原料,以木质素磺酸钙水溶液作成型结合剂,采用150 MPa的压力成型为65 mm×114 mm×230mm的Si3N4-SiC、Si3N4-SiC-Si和Si3N4-SiC-SiO2三种试样.在空气气氛中,以50℃·h-1的升温速度升至800℃保温4 h,再升至1450℃保温2 h,自然冷却至室温后,测定烧成后试样的常温耐压强度、常温抗折强度、1400℃下的高温抗折强度、显气孔率、体积密度和残氮率,并采用XRD、SEM和EPMA等手段分析烧后试样的相组成和显微结构.结果表明3种试样在空气气氛中烧成后的高温(1400℃)和常温抗折强度都比较高,显气孔率都比较低,而耐压强度则以Si3N4-SiC试样的最高;烧成后试样中心区域的残氮率以Si3N4-SiC-Si试样的最高,Si3N4-SiC-SiO2试样的次之,Si3N4-SiC试样的最小;在空气气氛中烧成后,Si3N4-SiC试样中的Si3N4分解较多,SiC-Si3 N4-Si试样的表面和内部都明显含有单质Si,SiC-Si3N4-SiO2试样表面区域的Si2N2O晶体发育很好,而内部区域的晶体发育较小.     

云母增强聚丙烯的研究

系统地研究了偶联剂，接枝聚丙烯性能的影响。     

Mobil Zeolite Catalysts for Monomers

It has been about 20 years since Plank, Rosinski, and Hawthorne reported their spectacular results with metal-modified zeolite cracking catalysts for more efficient production of gasoline [1]. This discovery has saved an estimated 200 million barrels of crude oil each year in the United States alone [2]. In 1972, a patent by Argauer and Landolt described the preparation of a member of a generation of new synthetic zeolites, called ZSM- 5. It was unique because of its high silica/alumina ratio and greatly reduced coking rates for reactions with hydrocarbons by comparison with known low silica zeolites [3]. This material was an early member of a series of over 50 synthetic zeolitic substances prepared in Mobil laboratories.     

神木煤的主要性质对其水煤浆特性的影响

研究我国大型优质神木煤田12个煤样的主要性质,对其水煤浆特性的影响。实验表明,煤中水分和含氧官能团是主要因素,水分中以最高内在水分与水煤浆浓度呈线性相关,提出以最高内在水分作为评价指标。并研究了煤浆的改性方法,一是加热方法使水分和官能团脱除,煤表面亲水性降低,使煤浆浓度大幅度提高,二是除去煤中可溶无机离子,可使煤浆粘度降低,并添加某些电解质有可能提高稳定性。