使用KQ-1缓蚀阻焦剂,减轻糠醛装置腐蚀和结焦

独山子炼油厂糠醛精制装置设备腐蚀状况严重 ,尤其是加工高酸值原料 ,更加剧了设备的腐蚀。通过对腐蚀原因分析 ,决定从工艺防腐上解决 ,提出了加入缓蚀剂减缓设备腐蚀的方法 ,在实验室评价和工业装置中 ,评选了四种糠醛精制装置的缓蚀剂 ,其中KQ 1作为装置缓蚀剂效果最佳 ,平均缓蚀率达到 4 4 .5 % ,并估算了KQ 1工业使用的经济效果     

Manipulating the microstructure and rheology in polymer‐organoclay composites

A series of nanocomposites prepared by melt‐blending of cloisite‐based organoclays with poly(ethylene‐vinylacetate) (EVA) and neutralized poly (ethylene‐methacrylic acid) (EMA) copolymers were investigated via DSC, small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS), and rheological techniques. SAXS results indicated partial clay exfoliation in all samples. In both EMA and EVA systems, the nominal melting temperature T_m and bulk crystallinity are not significantly affected by the presence of organoclays, suggesting that clay particles are predominantly confined in the amorphous phase. In rheological measurements (above T_m), the EVA‐clay system demonstrated a solid‐like rheological behavior under the small‐strain oscillatory shear, yet it was able to yield and flow under a steady shear, which is the characteristic of physical crosslinking. In contrast, the EMA‐clay system exhibited a melt‐like rheological behavior, where the influence of organoclay on the thermorheological behavior of the EMA composite was quite minimal. We propose that the carbonyl groups of vinylacetate in EVA interact with the clay surface, resulting in a strong physically crosslinking like interaction in the melt. On the other hand, the interaction between EMA and clay is weak because of repulsion between carboxyl anions and negatively charged clay surface.     

影响株洲火车站广场空气质量的因素研究

为了探究影响火车站广场污染物(总悬浮颗粒物和可吸入颗粒物)质量浓度的因素,以株洲火车站广场为研究对象,对总悬浮颗粒物和可吸入颗粒物质量浓度与人流密度、车流量的变化关系进行了试验性研究。结果表明,总悬浮颗粒物质量浓度与人流密度、车流量都呈正相关,其主要影响因素是车流量;可吸入颗粒物质量浓度与人流密度呈正相关,与车流量不呈明显的正相关,其主要影响因素是人流密度。细菌和病毒以可吸入颗粒物为载体被人体吸入而致病,因此人们活动时应尽量避开广场人流密度大的地方。     

轴向开槽对改善超磁致伸缩材料线性度影响的研究

磁致伸缩应变与磁场关系的非线性,影响了磁致伸缩控制元件的精度和稳定性。文章针对这一问题,在超磁致伸缩式微小型高速开关阀驱动部件设计基础上,提出了沿超磁致伸缩棒(GMM)轴向开槽的方法来改善GMM部件的工作性能。通过对轴向开槽前后GMM棒内部磁场强度和焦耳热分布的数值计算,分析了轴向开槽对改善磁场强度的分布和减少热损耗功率的影响,通过对GMM棒开槽前后伸缩量的测试,验证了开槽可以明显改善超磁致伸缩材料组件的非线性。     

Fabrication of a gradient refractive index preform using laminar shear mixing

A gradient refractive index rod was successfully prepared by a new fabrication method using laminar shear mixing, and a graded index polymer optical fiber that satisfied IEEE1394b was obtained from the method. To fabricate the gradient refractive index rod, a liquid monomer mixture with a relatively low refractive index was placed in a prepared cylindrical glass reactor and a transparent polymer rod with a higher refractive index was introduced at the center of the reactor. The reactor and the polymer rod were then rotated concurrently with a small rotating speed difference to generate a Couette flow in the liquid phase. The centrifugal force generated by rotation and the polymer diffusion into the liquid monomer mixture developed a graded concentration profile in a radial direction. The Couette flow could reduce the concentration fluctuation in a tangential direction. In addition, the graded index profile could be controlled by the copolymer composition of the rod and its diameter. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 95: 1100–1104, 2005     

Thermogravimetric analysis of methyl methacrylate‐graft‐natural rubber

The thermal degradations of methyl methacrylate‐graft‐natural rubber (MG) at different heating rates (B) in nitrogen were studied by thermogravimetric analysis. The results indicate that the thermal degradation of MG in nitrogen is a one‐step reaction. The degradation temperatures increase along with the increment of heating rates. The temperature of initial degradation (T₀) is 0.448B + 362.4°C, the temperature at maximum degradation rate, that is, the peak temperature on a differential thermogravimetric curve (T_p) is 0.545B + 380.7°C, and the temperature of final degradation (T_f) is 0.476B + 409.4°C. The degradation rate at T_p is not affected by B, and its average value is 48.9%; the degradation rate at T_f is not affected by B either, and its average value is 99.3%. The reaction order (n) is 2.1 and is not affected by B. The reaction activation energy (E) and the frequency factor (A) increase along with B, and the apparent reaction activation energy (E₀) is 254.6 kJ/mol. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 2952–2955, 2002     

基于自适应多普勒及动态邻域的改进BA算法

蝙蝠算法（Bat Algorithm,BA）是一类新型元启发式算法,针对其在算法后期寻优精度降低、易陷入局部极值的不足,提出一种具有自适应多普勒策略及动态邻域策略的改进算法。根据蝙蝠个体在捕食过程中与猎物间存在的相对运动现象,引入自适应多普勒策略改进频率参数,增强算法全局探索的寻优能力。将动态邻域策略与BA算法有机结合,增加蝙蝠个体寻优结构的多样性,改善算法易陷入局部最优的不足。从理论上分析了改进后算法的收敛性和运算复杂性。在数值实验部分对改进后的算法进行了性能及应用测试：对10个经典标准测试函数在不同维度下进行对比实验,将其应用于求解螺旋压缩弹簧优化设计问题,并与其他算法进行了对比分析。实验结果证明了具有自适应多普勒策略及动态邻域策略的改进算法具有更优的收敛速度、收敛精度以及稳定鲁棒性。     

轻量级分组密码GIFT的一种白盒实现方案

白盒实现是将已知的密码算法通过白盒密码技术进行设计,使其在白盒攻击环境中具有与原算法相同的功能,同时保证该算法的安全性不会遭到破坏。文章提出一种轻量级分组密码GIFT的白盒实现方案,该方案主要思想是使用查找表表示密码算法每轮的输入输出,并使用不同大小的仿射函数编码查找表的输入输出。该方案需要13.92 MB的内存空间,并能抵抗BGE攻击、MGH攻击、仿射等价算法攻击和差分矩阵攻击等代数分析攻击。其中,仿射等价算法攻击的复杂度大于O(2^82)。     

计算机基础SPOC教学内容细化研究

教学内容的设计,是高职计算机基础课程SPOC教学的核心环节。基于细化理论的教学内容设计,能让学习者对知识内容有一个整体的认知,从而避免SPOC模式下碎片化学习带来的弊端。首先,根据课程目标、教材、学习者特征确定教学内容,然后基于细化理论,对教学内容中的概念性知识、理论性知识、任务知识进行分解和组织,为一线教师开展教学设计提供一些参考。     

Companion robots for older adults: Rodgers’ evolutionary concept analysis approach

Intelligent Service Robotics - This study aims to analyze the concept of companion robots for older adults from the perspective of nursing. This study employed a concept analysis. The literature...