A double parasitic loop counterpoise antenna and its application to aircraft navigation systems

The radiation properties of a double parasitic loop counterpoise antenna capable of bringing out superior performance from the existing VHF omnirange (VOR) systems are discussed. It is shown that such an antenna when suitably designed will reduce considerably the siting errors inherent in the existing VOR systems.     

Industrial and domestic energy consumption in Nellore villages

The paper deals with the determination of energy consumption for work like brick-burning, pottery-making, rice milling, flour milling, edible oil extraction and hand-digging of borewells; and for domestic tasks like cooking, water heating, lighting, etc. The energy consumption is evaluated by physically measuring the fuel and labour inputs and monitoring the area for a month.     

Triglyceride composition of Sesamum indicum seed oil.

The fatty acid composition of Sesamum indicum seed oil was determined by gas–liquid chromatography. The percentages of individual acids were found to be: palmitic, 11; stearic, 6; arachidic, 1; oleic, 43; linoleic, 39. Triglyceride composition was calculated from the fatty acid compositions of the native oil and of the monoglycerides produced from it by pancreatic lipase hydrolysis. The oil is composed of 8, 41 and 51%, GS₂U, GSU₂ and GU₃ respectively. Analysis by special thin-layer chromatography combined with densitometry also indicated similar triglyceride composition for the sesame seed oil. Changes effected on the triglyceride composition by randomisation were also determined by both methods of analysis.     

Triglyceride composition of Papaver somniferum seed oil.

Poppy seed oil (P. Somniferum) contains palmitic (12%), stearic (3%), oleic (20%) and linoleic acid (65%). Lipolysis with pancreatic lipase indicates the following glyceride composition: S₃ (tr), S₂U (5%), SU₂ (34%) and U₃ (61%) or saturated dilinolein (19%), oleo-dilinolein (25%), and trilinolein (27%).     

The growth of knowledge and literature in neuroscience

Knowledge and literature of neuroscience started growing steadily during the last few centuries. This paper aims to study the growth of knowledge in neuroscience as well as its literature. The first part of the paper, enumerates a historical survey of the growth of knowledge based on published data. This is done in view of the fact that a consolidated information at one place will be of great value to the students of scientometrics and also to the research scholars who are desirous to undertake research in this discipline. The second part of the paper is entirely based on experimental data which were collected to analyse the growth of literature of the subject.Neuroscience is notable for its wide range of approaches and techniques. In no other branch of research such a manysided approach is so essential. As a consequence last few decades have witnessed an accelerated research tempo and unprecedented growth of the literature on the subject covering its different sub-fields with gradual and systematic transgression of the conventional boundaries between them. To cope with the growth of literature, a new bibliometric technique has been applied to rank periodicals in the field based on 5785 citation data collected from the bibliographic data base published in the source journal namely,Annual Review of Neuroscience. It is expected that this list will reflect the impact of literature on the advancement of knowledge in the field of neuroscience. A striking feature of this study is the comparatively small contribution (8.8%) coming from the application of biochemical techniques and concepts to neuroscience research which differs from what we had noted earlier in the case of other biomedical disciplines. High position occupied by multidisciplinary science journals brings out the significance of new neuroscience research to science as a whole and confirms the importance of this category of journals in the dissemination of knowledge for the overall growth of science. Relatively low proportion, of citations of journals of medicine, both general as well as specialities, in spite of direct relevance of much work in this field to neurological and mental illness reflects the preponderance of interest in the funcamental aspects of neuroscience research. Like other biomedical disciplines neuroscience literature also exhibits English as the most-preferred lingua franca of the subject; dominance of journals published from USA, UK, Germany and the Netherland; a wide scatter of cited literature showing the multidisciplinary approach characteristic of present-day neuroscience research. The results of this study support Bradford's Law of Scattering and also Sengupta's Law of Bibliometrics. It is expected that the present ranking list will be of great help to the working neuroscientists to select a handful of core periodicals in the field for regular browsing from the viewpoint of their importance and significance as these core journals identify maximum segment of contemporary literature on the topics of direct relevance to their day to day research in the field.     

Preconfiguring IP-over-Optical Networks to Handle Router Failures and Unpredictable Traffic

We consider the realization of traffic-oblivious routing in IP-over-optical networks where routers are interconnected over a switched optical backbone. The traffic-oblivious routing we consider is a scheme where incoming traffic is first distributed in a preset manner to a set of intermediate nodes. The traffic is then routed from the intermediate nodes to the final destination. This splitting of the routing into two phases simplifies network configuration significantly. In implementing this scheme, the first and second phase paths are realized at the optical layer with router packet grooming at a single intermediate node only. Given this unreliability of routers, we consider how two-phase routing in IP-over-optical networks can be made resilient against router node failures. We propose two different schemes for provisioning the optical layer to handle router node failures-one that is failure node independent and static, and the other that is failure node dependent and dynamic We develop linear programming formulations for both schemes and a fast combinatorial algorithm for the second scheme so as to maximize network throughput. In each case, we determine (i) the optimal distribution of traffic to various intermediate routers for both normal (no-failure) and failure conditions, and (ii) provisioning of optical layer circuits to provide the needed inter-router links. We evaluate the performance of the two router failure protection schemes and compare it with that of unprotected routing     

Medium Access Control Protocol Design for Vehicle–Vehicle Safety Messages

We propose a medium access control protocol design for a vehicle to send safety messages to other vehicles. We develop a Quality-of-Service (QoS) model for safety messages that are consistent with the active vehicle safety systems literature. Each message has a range and useful lifetime. The QoS target has each message received with high probability within its specified lifetime by each vehicle within its specified range. The protocol design is based on rapidly rebroadcasting each message multiple times within its lifetime in combination with the 802.11 Distributed Coordination Function. This makes the design compatible with emerging standards for Dedicated Short-Range Communication. Six different design variations are proposed. We derive equations and develop a simulation tool to assess the performance of the designs. Using these, we identify the best and most easily implemented designs. Design performance depends on the number of rebroadcasts, power, modulation, coding, and vehicular traffic volumes. We show that under certain assumptions on the loss probability tolerated by safety applications, the design is able to transport safety messages in vehicular ad hoc networks