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11.
Implementation of depth‐based routing and its enhancement in AquaSim–Next Generation for underwater wireless sensor networks
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Mohsin Jafri Simonetta Balsamo Andrea Marin Robert Martin 《International Journal of Communication Systems》2018,31(12)
In the last decade, underwater wireless sensor networks have been widely studied because of their peculiar aspects that distinguish them from common terrestrial wireless networks. Their applications range from environmental monitoring to military defense. The definition of efficient routing protocols in underwater sensor networks is a challenging topic of research because of the intrinsic characteristics of these networks, such as the need of handling the node mobility and the difficulty in balancing the energy consumed by the nodes. Depth‐based routing protocol is an opportunistic routing protocol for underwater sensor networks, which provides good performance both under high and low node mobility scenarios. The main contribution of our work is presenting a novel simulator for studying depth‐based routing protocol and its variants as well as novel routing protocols. Our simulator is based on AquaSim–Next Generation, which is a specialized tool for studying underwater networks. With our work, we improve the state of the art of underwater routing protocol simulators by implementing, among other features, a detailed cross‐layer communication and an accurate model of the operational modes of acoustic modem and their energy consumption. The simulator is open source and freely downloadable. Moreover, we propose a novel and completely distributed routing protocol, named residual energy–depth‐based routing. It takes into account the residual energy at the nodes' batteries to select the forwarder nodes and improve the network lifetime by providing a more uniform energy consumption among them. We compare its performance with that of depth‐based routing protocol and a receiver‐based routing protocol implementing a probabilistic opportunistic forwarding scheme. 相似文献
12.
Maria Grazia Calabrese Gianfranco Mamone Simonetta Caira Pasquale Ferranti Francesco Addeo 《Food chemistry》2009
The unnatural amino acid lysinoalanine (LAL) has been identified in milk and cheese products by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/ESI/MS) with selective ion monitoring (SIM) of the 9-fluorenyl-methylchloro-formate (FMOC) derivative. LAL is not present in raw milk or derived from Mozzarella cheese; however, high amounts of LAL are found in calcium caseinate and milk powder. As expected, milk fortified with caseinate or whey protein powder produces cheese with higher LAL content. Our analytical procedure is based on the simultaneous detection of specific ion masses of the FMOC–LAL derivative and the N-ε-methyl-lysine internal standard. A linear relationship was observed within the 0.2–20 ppm concentration range, in addition to a high correlation coefficient and ∼3% relative standard deviation. 相似文献
13.
Igor Luisetto Simonetta Tuti Elisabetta Di Bartolomeo 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2012
Co/CeO2 (Co 7.5 wt.%), Ni/CeO2 (Ni 7.5 wt.%) and Co–Ni/CeO2 (Co 3.75 wt.%, Ni 3.75 wt.%) catalysts were prepared by surfactant assisted co-precipitation method. Samples were characterized by X-Ray diffraction, BET surface areas measurements, temperature programmed reduction and tested for the dry reforming of methane CH4 + CO2 → 2CO + 2H2 in the temperature range 600–800 °C with a CH4:CO2:Ar 20:20:60 vol.% feed mixture and a total flow rate of 50 cm3 min−1 (GHSW = 30,000 mL g−1 h−1). The bimetallic Co–Ni/CeO2 catalyst showed higher CH4 conversion in comparison with monometallic systems in the whole temperature range, being 50% at 600 °C and 97% at 800 °C. H2/CO selectivity decreased in the following order: Co–Ni/CeO2 > Ni/CeO2 > Co/CeO2. Carbon deposition on spent catalysts was analyzed by thermal analysis (TG-DTA). After 20 h under stream at 750 °C, cobalt-containing catalysts, Co/CeO2 and Co–Ni/CeO2, showed a stable operation in presence of a deposited amorphous carbon of 6 wt.%, whereas Ni/CeO2 showed an 8% decrease of catalytic activity due to a massive presence of amorphous and graphitic carbon (25 wt.%). 相似文献
14.
The sensitivity of microwave (MW) emission to physical conditions of vegetation has been assessed by means of ground-based microwave and infrared radiometers. Measurements on corn and wheat have shown an inverse correlation between the normalized brightness temperature (TN) from the Ka band (36 GHz) and the atmospheric water vapor pressure (VP) at the top of vegetation. From this observation, we show that a crop water stress index can be calculated by means of down-looking MW sensors, provided air temperature is known. A polarization index (PI) dependent only on microwave measurements was shown to be related to crop water stress. 相似文献
15.
Chianese L Caira S Lilla S Pizzolongo F Ferranti P Pugliano G Addeo F 《The Journal of dairy research》2004,71(1):14-19
A novel electrophoretic alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-la) variant was detected in the Italian water buffalo breed. The isoelectric point of the variant, labelled A, was lower than the most frequent variant B. It presented an allelic frequency of 0.5% compared with the 97.1% of the BB allele. From Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization/Mass spectrometry, the molecular mass of the two alpha-la A and B variants were measured as 14,235.1+/-0.8 and 14,236.1+/-0.9 Da, respectively. The two proteins were sequenced and differentiated from one another by a single amino acid substitution, Asn45(B)-->Asp45(A). As this amino acid substitution altered the N-glycosylation sequence consensus Asn45-X-Ser46 it may be deduced that the protein glycosylation level of the alpha-la A would decrease. 相似文献
16.
Michele Casini Simonetta Ciuffi Adolfo Fiordelisi Alfredo Mazzotti Eusebio Stucchi 《Geothermics》2010
In the last 15 years geothermal exploration in Tuscany, Italy, has addressed deep reservoirs (depth ≥ 3000 m), hosted within complex geological systems, such as metamorphic formations and/or intrusive bodies. Reservoir productivity is linked to fractured and permeable zones that are rather confined and not uniformly distributed. In this context, the seismic methods represent one of the most reliable geophysical techniques for locating potential drilling targets. A 3D seismic survey has been acquired at the Travale test site, and its results have been used to develop a geological and structural model of the site, and to identify and characterize fractured zones inside the deep geothermal reservoir. A correlation between a high-amplitude reflector (H marker) and fractured contact-metamorphic rocks has been highlighted. More than 70% of the total geothermal fluid production at the Travale area comes from this seismic marker. 相似文献
17.
Erica Bazzan Mariaenrica Tin Alvise Casara Davide Biondini Umberto Semenzato Elisabetta Cocconcelli Elisabetta Balestro Marco Damin Claudia Maria Radu Graziella Turato Simonetta Baraldo Paolo Simioni Paolo Spagnolo Marina Saetta Manuel G. Cosio 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(12)
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a family of particles/vesicles present in blood and body fluids, composed of phospholipid bilayers that carry a variety of molecules that can mediate cell communication, modulating crucial cell processes such as homeostasis, induction/dampening of inflammation, and promotion of repair. Their existence, initially suspected in 1946 and confirmed in 1967, spurred a sharp increase in the number of scientific publications. Paradoxically, the increasing interest for EV content and function progressively reduced the relevance for a precise nomenclature in classifying EVs, therefore leading to a confusing scientific production. The aim of this review was to analyze the evolution of the progress in the knowledge and definition of EVs over the years, with an overview of the methodologies used for the identification of the vesicles, their cell of origin, and the detection of their cargo. The MISEV 2018 guidelines for the proper recognition nomenclature and ways to study EVs are summarized. The review finishes with a “more questions than answers” chapter, in which some of the problems we still face to fully understand the EV function and potential as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool are analyzed. 相似文献
18.
Valente P Forastiere F Bacosi A Cattani G Di Carlo S Ferri M Figà-Talamanca I Marconi A Paoletti L Perucci C Zuccaro P 《Tobacco control》2007,16(5):312-317
Background
A smoking ban in all indoor public places was enforced in Italy on 10 January 2005.Methods
We compared indoor air quality before and after the smoking ban by monitoring the indoor concentrations of fine (<2.5 μm diameter, PM2.5) and ultrafine particulate matter (<0.1 μm diameter, UFP). PM2.5 and ultrafine particles were measured in 40 public places (14 bars, six fast food restaurants, eight restaurants, six game rooms, six pubs) in Rome, before and after the introduction of the law banning smoking (after 3 and 12 months). Measurements were taken using real time particle monitors (DustTRAK Mod. 8520 TSI; Ultra‐fine Particles Counter‐TRAK Model 8525 TSI). The PM2.5 data were scaled using a correction equation derived from a comparison with the reference method (gravimetric measurement). The study was completed by measuring urinary cotinine, and pre‐law and post‐law enforcement among non‐smoking employees at these establishmentsResults
In the post‐law period, PM2.5 decreased significantly from a mean concentration of 119.3 μg/m3 to 38.2 μg/m3 after 3 months (p<0.005), and then to 43.3 μg/m3 a year later (p<0.01). The UFP concentrations also decreased significantly from 76 956 particles/cm3 to 38 079 particles/cm3 (p<0.0001) and then to 51 692 particles/cm3 (p<0.01). Similarly, the concentration of urinary cotinine among non‐smoking workers decreased from 17.8 ng/ml to 5.5 ng/ml (p<0.0001) and then to 3.7 ng/ml (p<0.0001).Conclusion
The application of the smoking ban led to a considerable reduction in the exposure to indoor fine and ultrafine particles in hospitality venues, confirmed by a contemporaneous reduction of urinary cotinine. 相似文献19.
Simonetta Fois Manuela Sanna Giuseppe Stara Tonina Roggio Pasquale Catzeddu 《European Food Research and Technology》2011,232(4):713-722
Four commercial semolinas and four low-grade semolinas (LGS) samples were used in this study to make flat crispy bread (Carasau).
The meals, doughs, and bread were compared with respect to a set of physical, chemical, and textural characteristics, and
the bread evaluated by a trained sensory panel. LGSs had a higher extraction rate (higher ash content), finer granularity,
and a higher damaged starch content than semolinas. The study revealed the key role of dry gluten content in determining hydration
capacity of the dough, whereas damaged starch affected water absorption only in semolina samples. Gluten index and the ratio
of gluten tenacity to extensibility (alveograph P/L) were significantly correlated with the weight of the dough discs following sheeting and molding. The panelists gave the
highest quality score to the bread with the highest values of crackling and hardness. Textural and sensory attributes were
both correlated with one another, and with gluten strength and tenacity, but not with the gluten content of the meal, which
only affected final moisture content of the bread. Meal samples with a more tenacious and elastic gluten were more suited
to produce flat crispy breads. The yellowness of durum wheat bread could not be predicted by measuring the color of the meal
with a reflectance method. 相似文献
20.
Condensed tannin accumulation and nitrogen fixation potential of Onobrychis viciifolia Scop. grown in a Mediterranean environment
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