Segmental contour pattern in a case of pulmonary venoocclusive disease

A V/Q mismatch (segmental contour pattern) is described in a patient suffering from dyspnea. Chest roentgenography revealed a mild interstitial pattern and enlarged pulmonary arteries. A lung biopsy demonstrated pulmonary venoocclusive disease.     

Economic impact of milk production in the State of New Mexico

The goal of this study was to quantify the economic role of dairy farming in New Mexico and to identify its linkages with allied industries in terms of income, value added, and employment impacts. An input-output model was used to estimate the direct, indirect, and induced impacts of the dairy farm industry on the economy of New Mexico. The results showed that in 2005, New Mexico's dairy farm industry had a total economic impact of $1.98 billion and accounted for 14,313 jobs. Therefore, dairy farming in New Mexico had an output multiplier (income) of 1.92, a labor income multiplier of $248 thousand/$ million of gross sales, and an employment multiplier of 13.91 jobs/$ million of gross sales. Furthermore, the New Mexico dairy farms accounted for 13.1% of the total agricultural outputs, 20.5% of the agricultural jobs, 1.5% of total state economic activity, and $80 million in tax revenue. With the exception of Lea, Eddy, and Bernalillo counties, which are diversified, the dairy farms accounted for more than two-thirds of the agricultural outputs and for more than two-fifths of the agricultural employment in counties where dairy farms are concentrated.     

Superconducting Quantum Metamaterials from High Pressure Melt Infiltration of Metals into Block Copolymer Double Gyroid Derived Ceramic Templates

Mesoscale order can lead to emergent properties including phononic bandgaps or topologically protected states. Block copolymers offer a route to mesoscale periodic architectures, but their use as structure directing agents for metallic materials has not been fully realized. A versatile approach to mesostructured metals via bulk block copolymer self-assembly derived ceramic templates, is demonstrated. Molten indium is infiltrated into mesoporous, double gyroidal silicon nitride templates under high pressure to yield bulk, 3D periodic nanocomposites as free-standing monoliths which exhibit emergent quantum-scale phenomena. Vortices are artificially introduced when double gyroidal indium metal behaves as a type II superconductor, with evidence of strong pinning centers arrayed on the order of the double gyroid lattice size. Sample behavior is reproducible over months, showing high stability. High pressure infiltration of bulk block copolymer self-assembly based ceramic templates is an enabling tool for studying high-quality metals with previously inaccessible architectures, and paves the way for the emerging field of block-copolymer derived quantum metamaterials.     

Printable Semiconductors for Backplane TFTs of Flexible OLED Displays

Studies on printable semiconductors and technologies have increased rapidly over recent decades, pioneering novel applications in many fields, such as energy, sensing, logic circuits, and information displays. The newest display technologies are already turning to metal oxide semiconductors, i.e., indium gallium zinc oxide, for the improvements needed to drive active matrix organic light‐emitting diodes. Convenience and portability will be realized with flexible and wearable displays in the future. This report summarizes recent progress on the development of solution‐processed thin film transistors, especially those deposited at low temperatures for next‐generation flexible smart displays. The first part provides an overview on the history and current status of displays. Then, recent advances in state‐of‐the‐art solution‐processed transistors based on different semiconductors are presented, including metal oxides, organic materials, perovskites, and carbon nanotubes. Finally, conclusions are drawn and the remaining challenges and future perspectives are discussed.     

Thermal Conductivity and Thermal Boundary Resistances of ALD Al$$_{}$$O$$_{3}$$3 Films on Si and Sapphire

On Si and sapphire substrates, 6–45 nm thick films of atomic layer-deposited Al\(_{2}\)O\(_{3}\) were grown. The thermal conductivity of ALD films has been determined from a linear relation between film thickness and thermal resistance measured by the 3\(\omega \) method. ALD films on Si and sapphire showed almost same thermal conductivity in the temperature range of 50–350 K. Residual thermal resistance was also obtained by extrapolation of the linear fit and was modeled as a sum of the thermal boundary resistances at heater–film and film–substrate interfaces. The total thermal resistance addenda for films on sapphire was close to independently measured thermal boundary resistance of heater–sapphire interface. From the result, it was deduced that the thermal boundary resistance at ALD Al\(_{2}\)O\(_{3}\)–sapphire interface was much lower than that of heater–film. By contrast, the films on Si showed significantly larger thermal boundary resistance than films on sapphire. Data of \(< 30\) nm films on Si were excluded because an AC coupling of electrical heating voltage to semiconductive Si complicated the relation between 3\(\omega \) voltage and temperature.     

Printable and Rewritable Full Block Copolymer Structural Color

Structural colors (SCs) of photonic crystals (PCs) arise from selective constructive interference of incident light. Here, an ink‐jet printable and rewritable block copolymer (BCP) SC display is demonstrated, which can be quickly written and erased over 50 times with resolution nearly equivalent to that obtained with a commercial office ink‐jet printer. Moreover, the writing process employs an easily modified printer for position‐ and concentration‐controlled deposition of a single, colorless, water‐based ink containing a reversible crosslinking agent, ammonium persulfate. Deposition of the ink onto a self‐assembled BCP PC film comprising a 1D stack of alternating layers enables differential swelling of the written BCP film and produces a full‐colored SC display of characters and images. Furthermore, the information can be readily erased and the system can be reset by application of hydrogen bromide. Subsequently, new information can be rewritten, resulting in a chemically rewritable BCP SC display.     

Biphasic Supramolecular Self‐Assembly of Ferric Ions and Tannic Acid across Interfaces for Nanofilm Formation

Cell nanoencapsulation provides a chemical tool for the isolation and protection of living cells from harmful, and often lethal, external environments. Although several strategies are available to form nanometric films, most methods heavily rely on time‐consuming multistep processes and are not biocompatible. Here, the interfacial supramolecular self‐assembly and film formation of ferric ions (Fe^III) and tannic acid (TA) in biphasic systems is reported, where Fe^III and TA come into contact each other and self‐assemble across the interface of two immiscible phases. The interfacial nanofilm formation developed is simple, fast, and cytocompatible. Its versatility is demonstrated with various biphasic systems: hollow microcapsules, encasing microbial or mammalian cells, that are generated at the water–oil interface in a microfluidic device; a cytoprotective Fe^III–TA shell that forms on the surface of the alginate microbead, which then entraps probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus; and a pericellular Fe^III–TA shell that forms on individual Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This biphasic interfacial reaction system provides a simple but versatile structural motif in materials science, as well as advancing chemical manipulability of living cells.     

Preparation of Macroscopic Block‐Copolymer‐Based Gyroidal Mesoscale Single Crystals by Solvent Evaporation

Properties arising from ordered periodic mesostructures are often obscured by small, randomly oriented domains and grain boundaries. Bulk macroscopic single crystals with mesoscale periodicity are needed to establish fundamental structure–property correlations for materials ordered at this length scale (10–100 nm). A solvent‐evaporation‐induced crystallization method providing access to large (millimeter to centimeter) single‐crystal mesostructures, specifically bicontinuous gyroids, in thick films (>100 µm) derived from block copolymers is reported. After in‐depth crystallographic characterization of single‐crystal block copolymer–preceramic nanocomposite films, the structures are converted into mesoporous ceramic monoliths, with retention of mesoscale crystallinity. When fractured, these monoliths display single‐crystal‐like cleavage along mesoscale facets. The method can prepare macroscopic bulk single crystals with other block copolymer systems, suggesting that the method is broadly applicable to block copolymer materials assembled by solvent evaporation. It is expected that such bulk single crystals will enable fundamental understanding and control of emergent mesostructure‐based properties in block‐copolymer‐directed metal, semiconductor, and superconductor materials.     

Trajectory tracking control based on non-singular fractional derivatives for the PUMA 560 robot arm

Multibody System Dynamics - The use of principal points and principal vectors in the formulation of the equations of motion of a general 4R planar four-bar linkage is shown with two kinds of...