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81.
Removal of toxic metal Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions using sawdust as adsorbent: Equilibrium, kinetics and regeneration studies 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Suresh Gupta B.V. Babu 《Chemical engineering journal (Lausanne, Switzerland : 1996)》2009,150(2-3):352-365
In the present study, a low-cost adsorbent is developed from the naturally and abundantly available sawdust which is biodegradable. The removal capacity of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions and from the synthetically prepared industrial effluent of electroplating and tannery industries is obtained. The batch experiments are carried out to investigate the effect of the significant process parameters such as initial pH, change in pH during adsorption, contact time, adsorbent amount, and the initial Cr(VI) concentration. The maximum adsorption of Cr(VI) on sawdust is obtained at an initial pH value of 1. The value of pH increases with increase in contact time and initial Cr(VI) concentration. The equilibrium data for the adsorption of Cr(VI) on sawdust is tested with various adsorption isotherm models such as Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich–Peterson, Koble–Corrigan, Tempkin, Dubinin–Radushkevich and Generalized equation. The Langmuir isotherm model is found to be the most suitable one for the Cr(VI) adsorption using sawdust and the maximum adsorption capacity obtained is 41.5 mg g−1 at a pH value of 1. The adsorption process follows the second-order kinetics and the corresponding rate constants are obtained. Desorption of Cr(VI) from sawdust using acid and base treatment exhibited a higher desorption efficiency by more than 95%. A feasible solution is proposed, for the disposal of the contaminant (acid and base solutions) containing high concentration of Cr(VI) obtained during the desorption process. The interference of other ions which are generally present in the electroplating and tannery industrial effluent streams on the Cr(VI) removal is investigated. 相似文献
82.
In this work, we report a basic study on the mechanism of lithium ion de-insertion/insertion process from/into LiMn2O4 cathode material in aqueous Li2SO4 solution using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). An equivalent circuit distinguishing the kinetic parameters of lithium ion de-insertion/insertion is used to simulate the experimental impedance data. The fitting results are in good agreement with the experimental results and the parameters of the kinetic process of Li+ de-insertion and insertion in LiMn2O4 at different potentials during charge and discharge are obtained using the same circuit. The results indicate that the de-insertion/insertion behavior of lithium ions at LiMn2O4 cathode in Li2SO4 aqueous solution is similar to that reported in the organic electrolytes. The charge transfer resistance (Rct), warburg resistance, double layer capacitance and chemical diffusion coefficient (DLi+) vary with potentials during de-insertion/insertion processes. Rct is lowest at the CV peak potentials and the important kinetic parameter, DLi+ exhibits two distinct minima at potentials corresponding to CV peaks during de-insertion–insertion and it was found to be between 10−8 and 10−10 cm2 s−1during lithium de-insertion/insertion processes. 相似文献
83.
Kuttan Prabhakaran Jorly Joseph Nitin Madhusudan Gokhale Suresh Chandra Sharma Ramji Lal 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2006,89(7):2335-2337
Nanocrystalline lanthanum strontium manganite (LSM) powder has been synthesized by combustion of a transparent gel obtained by the polymerization of methylol urea and urea in a solution containing La3+ , Sr2+ , and Mn2+ (LSM ions). Chemistry of the transparent urea–formaldehyde (UF) polymer gel formation and structure of the gel have been proposed such that the LSM ions act in between the growing UF polymer chains by interacting through NH, OH, and CO groups by co-ordination and prevent polymer self-assembly through inter-chain hydrogen bonding as evidenced from infrared spectrum. Thermally stable structures formed by the decomposition of UF polymer below 300°C undergo combustion in the presence of nitrate oxidant in a temperature range from 350°–450°C. A perovskite LSM phase has been formed by self-sustained combustion of the dried gel initiated with little kerosene. The powder obtained after deagglomeration and calcination at 600°C for 2 h has a D 50 value of 0.19 μm, and the particles are aggregates of crystallites 10–25 nm in size. 相似文献
84.
This work is concerned with the application of the thermal lattice Boltzmann method (TLBM) to compute incompressible two- and three-dimensional flows in cavities. Two convection test cases, namely, the laminar flow in a differentially heated square cavity and a cubic cavity, are numerically analyzed through TLBM. The internal energy density distribution function approach with two three-dimensional particle velocity models, namely, the 15-velocity and the 19-velocity, and a two-dimensional model, namely, the nine-velocity, have been used in the present work. Computations are carried out for laminar flows in a differentially heated square cavity and a cubical cavity (Rayleigh numbers = 103 to 105). The boundary conditions used are stable and of good accuracy. To lend credibility to the thermal lattice Boltzmann model square cavity results, they are further compared with those obtained from a finite-difference-based code developed for this purpose. 相似文献
85.
A. Mohan BabuB.C. Jamalaiah J. Suresh KumarT. Sasikala L. Rama Moorthy 《Journal of Alloys and Compounds》2011,509(2):457-462
Lead tungsten tellurite (LTT) glasses doped with different Dy3+ ion concentrations have been prepared and characterized through optical absorption, photoluminescence and decay measurements. The glassy nature of the LTT host has been confirmed through the XRD measurements. The three phenomelogical intensity parameters Ωλ (λ = 2, 4, 6) have been determined from the absorption spectral intensities using the Judd-Ofelt (J-O) theory. The hypersensitivity of 6H15/2 → 6F11/2 transition based on the magnitude of Ω2 parameter has also been discussed. By using the J-O intensity parameters several radiative properties such as spontaneous transition probabilities (AR), fluorescence branching ratios (βR) and radiative lifetimes (τR) have been determined. The effect of Dy3+ ion concentration on the emission intensities of 4F9/2 → 6HJ′ (J′ = 15/2, 13/2, 11/2 and 9/2) transitions has also been reported. 相似文献
86.
Suresh Bhalla Praveen Kumar Ashok Gupta Tushar K. Datta 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2009,22(4):373-382
The electromechanical impedance technique employs surface-bonded lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic patches as impedance transducers for structural health monitoring and nondestructive evaluation. The patches are bonded to the monitored structures using finitely thick adhesive bond layer, which introduces shear lag effect, thus invariably influencing the electromechanical admittance signatures. This paper presents a new simplified impedance model to incorporate shear lag effect into electromechanical admittance formulations, both one-dimensional and two-dimensional. This provides a closed-form analytical solution of the inverse problem, i.e. to derive the true structural impedance from the measured conductance and susceptance signatures, thus an improvement over the existing models. The influence of various parameters (associated with the bond layer) on admittance signatures is investigated using the proposed model and the results compared with existing models. The results show that the new model, which is far simpler than the existing models, models the shear lag phenomenon reasonably well besides providing direct solution of a complex inverse problem. 相似文献
87.
G. Suresh Kumar 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2009,135(1):1-7
Diffusive mass transfer between fracture and matrix accompanied with sorption significantly influences the efficiency of natural attenuation in hard rocks. While these processes have extensively been studied in a fractured formation, limited information exists on the sorption nonlinearity. For this purpose, a numerical model is developed that couples matrix diffusion and nonlinear sorption at the scale of a single fracture using the dual-porosity concept. The study is limited to a constant continuous solute source boundary condition. The influence of both favorable and unfavorable sorption intensities on solute mobility is investigated using the method of spatial moments. The differing capacities of available sorption sites between fracture surfaces at the fracture-matrix interface and the solid grain surfaces within the rock matrix result in a slower migration of solutes along the fracture, and a larger amount of diffusive mass transfer away from the high permeability fracture. 相似文献
88.
Yu Jin Xiangli Cui Udai P. Singh Alexander A. Chumanevich Brook Harmon Philip Cavicchia Anne B. Hofseth Venkata Kotakadi Brandy Stroud Suresh R. Volate Thomas G. Hurley James R. Hebert Lorne J. Hofseth 《Molecular nutrition & food research》2010,54(10):1506-1514
Chronic inflammation contributes to an increased risk for developing chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. A high “inflammatory load” is defined as elevated inflammation markers in blood or other tissues. We evaluated several markers of systemic inflammation from healthy adults and tested the hypothesis that two formulations of encapsulated fruit and vegetable juice powder concentrate with added berry powders (FVB) or without (FV) could impact markers of inflammatory load. Using a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled approach, 117 subjects were randomly assigned to receive placebo, FV, or FVB capsules. Blood was drawn at baseline and after 60 d of capsule consumption. We measured inflammatory markers (high sensitivity C‐Reactive Protein, Monocyte Chemotactic Protein‐1, Macrophage Inflammatory Protein 1‐β, and Regulated upon Activation, Normal T cell Expressed and Secreted), superoxide dismutase, and micronutrients (β‐carotene, vitamin C, and vitamin E). Results showed Monocyte Chemotactic Protein‐1, Macrophage Inflammatory Protein 1‐β, and RANTES levels were significantly reduced and superoxide dismutase and micronutrient levels were significantly increased in subjects consuming both FV and FVB, relative to placebo. Data suggest a potential health benefit by consuming either formulation of the encapsulated juice concentrates through their anti‐inflammatory properties. 相似文献
89.
The mechanics of composite materials and their “fracture behaviors” are relatively complex phenomena to analyze and establish
due to their inconsistent process stability and reliability, combined with production and related processing problems. In
this work, an attempt has been made to statistically analyze the tensile behavior of metal matrix composites. Composites of
aluminum alloy containing 5–20% volume fraction of Al2O3 particles of 15 μm size were prepared by adding alumina particles to a vigorously agitated semi-solid aluminum alloy. Prior
to this, alumina particles were subjected to preheating at 800 °C for 5 h. Particles were then added to the aluminum alloy
and further heated to 850 °C by using a mixer in a nitrogen medium. A total of 20 tension tests were performed for each volume
fraction according to ASTM Standards B557 and using these test data, the initial estimators for an empirical model were obtained.
Using this empirical model, the reliability of the composite characteristics in terms of its tensile strength was assessed.
Another significant implication of the present study is proving the ability and utility of the Weibull statistical distribution
for describing the experimentally measured data on the tensile strength of metal matrix composites, in a more appropriate
manner. 相似文献
90.
In this study, a goal-programming model is proposed for the design of hybrid cellular manufacturing (HCM) systems, in a dual resource constrained environment, considering many real-world application issues. The procedure consists of three phases. Following an initial phase involving a Pareto analysis of demand volumes and volatility, a machine-grouping phase is conducted to form manufacturing cells, and a residual functional layout. In this phase, over-assignment of parts to the cells, machine purchasing cost, and loss of functional synergies are attempted to be minimized. Following the formation of cells and the functional layout, a labor allocation phase is carried out by considering worker capabilities and capacities. The total costs of cross-training, hiring, firing and over-assignment of workers to more than one cell are sought to be minimized. An application of the model on real factory data is also provided in order to demonstrate the utility and possible limitations. The industrial problem was solved using professional mathematical programming software. 相似文献