Functional glucosylation of kojic acid and daidzein with the Eucalyptus membrane-associated UDP-glucosyltransferase reaction system

Kojic acid was glucosylated to kojic acid 5- and 7-O-beta-D-glucopyranosides by cultured cells of Eucalyptus perriniana. The glucosylation was also performed effectively by the enzymatic reaction system using membrane-associated UDP-glucosyltransferase from the cells with addition of UDP-glucose. The production of the 5-O-D-glucoside occurred exclusively prior to that of the 7-O-glucoside in both systems. In the same manner, daidzein was converted to daidzin (daidzein 7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside) by the enzymatic system. Here, we propose methods for the structural modification of phytoestrogen-related substances by enzymatic beta-glucosylation.     

On one- and two-parameter analyses of short fatigue crack growth

Recent data on short fatigue crack growth in two cast and hot isostatically pressed (hipped) aluminum alloys obtained by Shyam, Allison and Jones have been analyzed in terms of a previously proposed one-parameter short crack model which includes consideration of elastic–plastic effects, the Kitagawa effect and the development of crack closure in the wake of a newly formed crack. The material constants obtained in a prior investigation of short crack growth behavior in a cast aluminum alloy tested under fully reversed loading were used as a basis for the present analysis. The predicted rates of fatigue crack propagation are in accord with the experimental results. In the discussion, aspects of the two-parameter approach presented by Shyam et al. are compared with those of the one-parameter method of analysis used herein.     

Reliability of AllnAs/lnGaAs/lnP HEMT with WSi ohmic contacts

We have investigated the degradation mechanism of Al_0.48In_0.52As/In_0.53Ga_0.47As/ InP high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) using WSi ohmic electrodes. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation and en-ergy dispersive x-ray (EDX) analysis reveal impurities diffusion of gate electrode (titanium: Ti) and fluorine (F) in the AlInAs layer after a high temperature (T_a = 170°C operating life test for 500 h. The decrease of drain current (I_ds) during life test shows linear dependence on square root of aging time. It suggests that the degradation is controlled by a diffusion mechanism. Hence, the estimated degradation mechanism of this device is related with decrease of carrier concentration in the epitaxial layer by these diffused impurities. On the other hand, TEM and EDX show no degradation of WSi/InGaAs interface after aging. Therefore, the WSi electrode for this type of HEMT demonstrates excellent high stability under the accelerated operating life test.     

CO2 Sensing Property of CuO-BaTiO3 Mixed Oxide Film Prepared by Self-Assembled Multibilayer Film as a Precursor

Preparation of CuO-BaTiO₃ mixed oxide thin film by the decomposition of a self-assembled multibilayer film as a molecular template was investigated in this study. Furthermore, CO₂ sensing property of the resultant thin film was investigated as a capacitive type sensor. The self-assembled bilayer film of few 1000 layers thickness can be obtained easily by casting an aqueous suspension consisting of dimethyldihexadecylammoiun bromide (DC1-16), Cu(ClO₄)₂, Ba(TiO(C₂H₄)₂), 2,6-dimetyle-3,5heptadione (DHP), and polyvinyl alcohol. Divalent copper ion (Cu²⁺)) which is associated with 2 DHP molecules was incorporated into the molecular bilayer film and BaTiO₃ precursor exists at the interspace of molecular bilayer film by coordinating with polyvinyl alcohol. Upquenching the organic-inorganic film at 1173 K leads to the uniform film of CuO-BaTiO₃ oxide mixture. Although operating temperature shifted to higher temperature, the resultant film exhibits the capacitance change upon exposure to CO₂. Consequently, it is concluded that the mixed oxide film of CuO-BaTiO₃ prepared by the decomposition of multibilayer film was also an appropriate capacitive type CO₂ sensor.     

Effect of Feedback Force Delays on the Operation of Haptic Displays

Recently, Virtual Reality (VR) technology has developed quickly, together with research conducted on various elemental and related technologies and research in various fields of its application. We experimented about delay times. The haptic media is very sensitive to the network delay and its jitter and packet loss. The analytic hierarchy process(AHP) is one of the methods used to evaluate physical phenomena as correctness of the human sensation. In consequence of its application to the present experiment, it was made clear that the haptic media could be estimated from the delay times. In this report, we experimented about the relation between the delay times and haptic sense. Copyright © 2007 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Electroelastic Response of Cylindrical Fiber with D∞ Symmetry Exposed to Local Electric Field Through Opposed Electrode Pair

To obtain practical information on the electroelastic behavior of poly-l-lactic acid microtweezers or catheters, a previously constructed analytical technique is used to obtain the electroelastic field solution of a poly-l-lactic acid cylindrical fiber exposed to a local electric field, which is applied through an opposed pair of square-sectioned electrodes. The numerical representation of the solution reveals the detailed field quantity distributions, their importance in the design of microtweezers and catheters, the overall deformation of such devices, and the effects of the electrode dimensions on the deformation.     

Catalytic decomposition of HCFC22 (CHClF2)

The catalytic decomposition of CHClF₂ was studied over various acidic metal oxides in a fixed-bed reactor. The Cr₂O₃ZrO₂ exhibited the highest activity. The presence of water vapor in the reaction system suppresses the transformation of oxides to fluorides, progresses the formation of CO₂, and it improves the catalysts life.     

Modeling an international co-operative global complementary production system

This paper aims to design a production planning and control system to realize high productivity and low inventory in the international cooperative global complementary production system for mutual country's development.     

Direct digital design of computed torque controllers

Direct digital design of computed torque controllers for a robot manipulator is discussed in this article. A simple discrete-time model of the robot manipulator obtained by Euler's method is used for the design. Taking account of computation delay in the digital processor, we propose predictor-based designs of the PD and PID type controllers. The PID-type controller is designed based on a modified version of the discrete-time integral controller proposed by Mita. For both controllers, the feedback gains can be determined easily by using simple formulas. A simulation example is presented to illustrate the relevance of the proposed designs and the robustness of PID-type controller against physical parameter variations. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

A Technique to Eliminate Redundant Inter-Processor Communication on Parallelizing Compiler TINPAR

Optimizing inter-processor (PE) communication is crucial for parallelizing compilers for message-passing parallel machines to achieve high performance. In this paper, we propose a technique to eliminate redundant inter-PE messages. This technique utilizes data-flow analysis to find a definition point that corresponds to a use point where the definition and the use occur in different PEs. If several read accesses occurred in the same PE use the data defined at the same definition point in another PE, redundant inter-PE messages are eliminated as follows: only one inter-PE communication is performed for the earliest read access and the previously received data are used for the following read. In order to guarantee the consistency of the data, a valid flag and a sent flag are provided for each chunk of received data. The control of these flags is equivalent to the coherence control by the self invalidation on a compiler aided cache coherence scheme.