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961.
The statistical aspects of fatigue life under variable stress amplitudes have been studied experimentally. using 1000 specimens, tests at two stress levels were performed in addition to constant amplitude tests. From the study a ‘Transfer law of reliability curve’ has been determined. This law enables the distribution of fatigue life under variable stress amplitudes to be predicted from that under constant amplitude. It has also been clearly shown that the cummulative cycle ratio is statistically distributed, where is the mean life under constant amplitude and the mean value of is approximately unity; that is, Miner's rule is satisfied statistically These results have been obtained using the transfer law of reliability curve. 相似文献
962.
Nishiura M Nagasaka T Fujioka K Fujimoto Y Tanaka T Ido T Yamamoto S Kashiwa S Sasao M 《The Review of scientific instruments》2010,81(10):10D313
We developed a lost alpha detection system to use in burning plasma experiments. The scintillators of Ag:ZnS and polycrystalline Ce:YAG were designed for a high-temperature environment, and the optical transmission line was designed to transmit from the scintillator to the port plug. The required optical components of lenses and mirrors were irradiated using the fission reactor with the initial result that there was no clear change after the irradiation with a neutron flux of 9.6×10(17)?nm(-2) s(-1) for 48 h. We propose a diagnostic of alpha particle loss, so-called alpha particle induced gamma ray spectroscopy. The initial laboratory test has been carried out by the use of the Ce doped Lu(2)SiO(5) scintillator detector and an Am-Be source to detect the 4.44 MeV high energy gamma ray due to the (9)Be(α,nγ)(12)C reaction. 相似文献
963.
Kubo S Nishiura M Tanaka K Shimozuma T Yoshimura Y Igami H Takahash H Mutoh T Tamura N Tatematsu Y Saito T Notake T Korsholm SB Meo F Nielsen SK Salewski M Stejner M 《The Review of scientific instruments》2010,81(10):10D535
Collective Thomson scattering (CTS) system has been constructed at LHD making use of the high power electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) system in Large Helical Device (LHD). The necessary features for CTS, high power probing beams and receiving beams, both with well defined Gaussian profile and with the fine controllability, are endowed in the ECRH system. The 32 channel radiometer with sharp notch filter at the front end is attached to the ECRH system transmission line as a CTS receiver. The validation of the CTS signal is performed by scanning the scattering volume. A new method to separate the CTS signal from background electron cyclotron emission is developed and applied to derive the bulk and high energy ion components for several combinations of neutral beam heated plasmas. 相似文献
964.
Ethanol and lactic acid production using sap squeezed from old oil palm trunks felled for replanting
Akihiko Kosugi Ryohei Tanaka Kengo Magara Yoshinori Murata Takamitsu Arai Othman Sulaiman Rokiah Hashim Zubaidah Aimi Abdul Hamid Mohd Khairul Azri Yahya Mohd Nor Mohd Yusof Wan Asma Ibrahim Yutaka Mori 《Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering》2010,110(3):322-325
Old oil palm trunks that had been felled for replanting were found to contain large quantities of high glucose content sap. Notably, the sap in the inner part of the trunk accounted for more than 80% of the whole trunk weight. The glucose concentration of the sap from the inner part was 85.2 g/L and decreased towards the outer part. Other sugars found in relatively low concentrations were sucrose, fructose, galactose, xylose, and rhamnose. In addition, oil palm sap was found to be rich in various kinds of amino acids, organic acids, minerals and vitamins. Based on these findings, we fermented the sap to produce ethanol using the sake brewing yeast strain, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Kyokai no.7. Ethanol was produced from the sap without the addition of nutrients, at a comparable rate and yield to the reference fermentation on YPD medium with glucose as a carbon source. Likewise, we produced lactic acid, a promising material for bio-plastics, poly-lactate, from the sap using the homolactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus lactis ATCC19435. We confirmed that sugars contained in the sap were readily converted to lactic acid with almost the same efficiency as the reference fermentation on MSR medium with glucose as a substrate. These results indicate that oil palm trunks felled for replanting are a significant resource for the production of fuel ethanol and lactic acid in palm oil-producing countries such as Malaysia and Indonesia. 相似文献
965.
Go Kagiya Ryohei Ogawa John A. Cook Rajani Choudhuri Masanori Hatashita Yoshikazu Tanaka Bill G. DeGraff James B. Mitchell 《Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering》2010,110(1):118-123
A promoter that augments gene expression in response to stimulation of ionizing radiation would be a desired tool for radiogenetic therapy, a combination of radiotherapy and gene therapy. Although various promoters occurring naturally or artificially have been used for researches, one showing higher reactivity to ionizing radiation is desirable. In the present study, we attempted to improve a radiation-responsive promoter of the p21 through a technique called DNA shuffling. A library of DNA fragments was constructed by re-ligation of randomly digested promoter fragments and improved promoters were chosen out of the library. We repeated this process twice to obtain a promoter showing 2.6-fold better reactivity to ionizing radiation compared with its parent, p21 promoter after 10 Gy γ-ray irradiation. Nucleotide sequence analyses revealed that the obtained promoter was densely packed with some of the cis-acting elements including binding sites for p53, NF-κB, NRF-2, AP-1 and NF-Y more than p21 promoter. In addition, it was shown that its induction by ionizing radiation was dependent upon p53 status of a cell line, suggesting that the promoter retained properties of the p21 promoter. This technique is simple and efficient to improve a promoter responsive to other stimulus of interest besides IR. 相似文献
966.
Akiba T Tanaka T Nagano M Mori K Hayashi Y Obata H Chiba T Ikuta Y Kamiya Y Nakama A Hosaka M Kai A 《Shokuhin eiseigaku zasshi. Journal of the Food Hygienic Society of Japan》2010,51(5):237-241
Norovirus (NV) RNA has rarely been detected in foods despite the use of highly sensitive methods such as RT-PCR and real-time RT-PCR. In the modified method (A3T method) reported previously, a bacterial culture process was introduced into the standard protocol for NV detection to remove some inhibitor(s) present in food ingredients. To confirm the efficiency of the A3T method and to examine NV contamination in bivalve molluscs, we tried to detect NV RNA in bivalve molluscs on the market and in oyster samples associated with foodborne outbreaks by using the standard method and the A3T method. NV RNAs were detected in 20 samples (18.0%) of 111 bivalve molluscs, including oysters, on the market by use of the A3T method, while only one sample (0.9%) was positive according to the standard method. NV RNA was also detected in 10 of 35 oyster samples related to foodborne outbreaks by the A3T method. Those results show that the A3T method is suitable for the detection of NV in bivalve molluscs in general laboratories. 相似文献
967.
968.
Junya Ohyama Yutaka Hitomi Yasuhiro Higuchi Tsunehiro Tanaka 《Topics in Catalysis》2009,52(6-7):852-859
Tetradentate thioacetyl porphyrin ligand (1) was synthesized to protect gold nanoparticles. 1-protected gold nanoparticles were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy and XPS. Analysis by XPS showed that all of four thioacetyl groups of 1 were dissociated and bound to the surface of gold nanoparticles in thiolate form. The size of 1-protected gold nanoparticles (GN:1) was controlled by thioacetyl group/HAuCl4 molar ratio and approached to 2 nm. Compared with a protecting ligand without porphyrin plane (2) or dodecanethiol, 1 can control the size of gold nanoparticles efficiently probably due to the tetradentate ligation effect. 相似文献
969.
We recorded temperature-dependent high-resolution 13C NMR spectra of dry and swollen poly(acrylate)s [poly(2-methoxyethyl acrylate) (PMEA), poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA), and poly(tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate) (PTHFA)] by dipolar decoupled-magic angle spinning (DD-MAS) and cross-polarization-magic angle spinning (CP-MAS) methods, to gain insight into their network structures and dynamics. Suppressed or recovered intensities (SRI) analysis of 13C CP-MAS and DD-MAS NMR was successfully utilized, to reveal portions of dry and swollen polymers which undergo fast and slow motions with fluctuation frequencies in the order of 108 Hz and 104-105 Hz, respectively. Fast isotropic motions with frequency higher than 108 Hz at ambient temperature were located to the portions in which 13C CP-MAS NMR signals of swollen PMEA were selectively suppressed. In contrast, low-frequency motion was identified to the portions in which 13C DD-MAS (and CP-MAS) signals are most suppressed at the characteristic suppression temperature(s) Ts. Network of PMEA gels (containing 7 wt% of water) turns out to be formed by partial association of backbones only, as manifested from their Ts gradient at lowered temperature, whereas networks of PHEMA (containing 40 wt% of water) and PTHFA (9 wt% of water) gels are tightly formed through mutual inter-chain associations of both backbones and side-chains, as viewed from the raised Ts values for both near at ambient temperature. It is also interesting to note that flexibility of gel network (PMEA > PTHFA > PHEMA) characterized by the suppression temperature Ts (PMEA < PTHFA < PHEMA) is well related with a characteristic parameter for biocompatibility such as the production of TAT (thrombin-antithrombin III complex) as a marker of activation of the coagulation system. 相似文献
970.
Tetsuji Yamaguchi Kumi Negishi Seiichi Hoshino Tadao Tanaka 《Cement and Concrete Research》2009,39(12):1149-1155
In order to predict long-term leaching behavior of cement constituents for safety assessments of radioactive waste disposal, we modeled diffusive mass transport in micropores in cement based materials. Based on available knowledge on the pore structure, we developed a transport porosity model that enables us to estimate effective porosity available for diffusion (transport porosity) in cement based materials. We microscopically examined the pore structure of hardened cement pastes to partially verify the model. Effective diffusivities of tritiated water in hardened cement pastes were also obtained experimentally, and were shown to be proportional to the estimated transport porosity. 相似文献