基于多特征融合和SVM分类器的植物病虫害检测方法

针对农业领域植物病虫害检测问题,提出一种基于高清视频图像融合特征的支持向量机(SVM)的检测方法,实现农业生产中植物病虫害的快速检测。对每幅植物叶片图像的颜色、HSV、纹理和方向梯度直方图四种特征采用基于特征包的多特征融合方法,形成特征向量,并利用SVM分类器进行训练分类。对单特征与融合特征的SVM分类器性能进行试验比较,所提出的方法具有较高的准确率。     

Growth of CeO2 Films on Sapphire and MgO by rf Magnetron Sputtering

pitaxial CeO₂ films on (1102) sapphire and (100) MgO were grown by rf magnetron sputtering. Substrate temperature, total pressure, and oxygen-to-argon mole ratio were varied to explore the optimal deposition condition. The X-ray diffraction spectra indicate that the degree of crystallinity of the deposited CeO₂ films depends on the oxygen- to-argon mole ratio and the substrate temperature. Atomic force microscopy images of the films on sapphire and MgO showed that substrate temperature and total pressure affect surface roughness. The best film surface is smooth with a 0.89 nm root-mean-square roughness. The quality of the films on MgO showed a strong dependence on substrate pretreatments. Epitaxial CeO₂ films could be grown on pre- annealed or pre-etched MgO if substrate temperatures reached higher than 790^deg;C. Additionally, the effect of ion bombardment at low total pressures on the crystallinity of the films was examined by growing the films outside the plasma region. Experimental results indicate that the ion bombardment does not prevent the films from preferred orientation.     

Fabrication of High-Curie-Point Barium-Lead Titanate PTCR Ceramics

High-Curie-point semiconducting barium-lead titanate positive temperature coefficient of resistivity (PTCR) ceramics of composition Ba_0.897Pb_0.1La_0.003TiO₃ and Ba_0.5Pb_0.5La_0.003TiO₃ were prepared. The starting powders were synthesized by reacting commercial BaTiO₃, PbO, and TiO₂. To avoid the nonstoichiometry due to the volatilization of Pb during the sintering process, a lead atmosphere sintering approach with PbTiO₃ as packing powder was used. The samples being fabricated by this method show a PTCR effect of 3 to 4.5 orders of magnitude above the Curie point. The curie points were about 180°C for Ba_0.897Pb_0.1La_0.003TiO₃ and about 360°C for Ba_0.497Pb_0.5La_0.003TiO₃.     

Selective hydrogenolysis of glycerol to propylene glycol on Cu–ZnO catalysts

Hydrogenolysis of biomass-derived glycerol is an alternative route to sustainable production of propylene glycol. Cu–ZnO catalysts were prepared by coprecipitation with a range of Cu/Zn atomic ratio (0.6–2.0) and examined in glycerol hydrogenolysis to propylene glycol at 453–513 K and 4.2 MPa H₂. These catalysts possess acid and hydrogenation sites required for bifunctional glycerol reaction pathways, most likely involving glycerol dehydration to acetol and glycidol intermediates on acidic ZnO surfaces, and their subsequent hydrogenation on Cu surfaces. Glycerol hydrogenolysis conversions and selectivities depend on Cu and ZnO particle sizes. Smaller ZnO and Cu domains led to higher conversions and propylene glycol selectivities, respectively. A high propylene glycol selectivity (83.6%), with a 94.3% combined selectivity to propylene glycol and ethylene glycol (also a valuable product) was achieved at 22.5% glycerol conversion at 473 K on Cu–ZnO (Cu/Zn = 1.0) with relatively small Cu particles. Reaction temperature effects showed that optimal temperatures (e.g. 493 K) are required for high propylene glycol selectivities, probably as a result of optimized adsorption and transformation of the reaction intermediates on the catalyst surfaces. These preliminary results provide guidance for the synthesis of more efficient Cu–ZnO catalysts and for the optimization of reaction parameters for selective glycerol hydrogenolysis to produce propylene glycol.     

支持并行化快速实验部署的网络创新实验平台

清华大学网络创新实验(TUNIE)平台为新型网络体系结构的验证和测试提供了有力的工具。在TUNIE平台运行过程中,过长的实验部署耗时会降低整个TUNIE平台的运行效率。对实验部署过程进行分析和测量,发现实验部署的冗长耗时主要由集中式镜像池和串行的实验部署流程引起。为此,提出一种并行化的快速实验部署方案。利用分布式镜像池减少非本地节点的镜像拷贝时间,采用并行化实验部署提高时间维度上的资源利用率。仿真和实际应用结果证明,相比于串行部署方案,该方案可以减少40%~89%的部署耗时,有效提高了实验部署的速度。     

面向低功耗共享Cache路适应划分算法研究

如何提高多核处理器的性能和降低多核处理器中Cache的功耗已经成为下一代多核处理器的研究热点。为了降低片上多核处理器的功耗,基于路适应算法可以采用一种新的动态划分机制,该机制主要由路分配模块和动态功耗控制模块组成。路分配模块在程序运行过程中根据处理器核所运行线程的工作集的大小调整处理器核所分配的Cache路。动态功耗控制模块利用程序运行的局部性原理,将处理器核所运行线程的工作空间控制在少数Cache路中。关闭剩余的Cache路,从而达到降低Cache功耗的目的。该机制使用Simics全系统模拟平台模拟多核处理器,并用SpecOMP测试集测试了系统的性能和功耗。与传统的Cache(Conventional L2Cache,C-L2)相比,其IPC提高了9.27%,功耗降低了10.95%。     

游戏场景中基于势场的交互寻路方法

在即时战略游戏中,路径规划是一种重要且常见的任务。游戏的实时性要求玩家能够快速寻找一条进攻的路径,而且游戏单元之间普遍存在的交互作用对寻路质量有着重要的影响。传统的寻路算法如Dijkstra算法虽然能够找到最优路径,但是耗时较多,而且未体现真实游戏中的交互。为此选取RTS游戏中一种典型的攻防场景,提出基于人工势场的快速高效动态寻路方法,同时为了体现RTS中游戏单元之间的交互性,将模糊测度引入到势场寻路中。实验结果表明,采用人工势场法寻路较Dijkstra算法耗时少、路径平滑;而引入模糊测度体现了真实游戏中单元之间的交互影响作用,与真实的游戏场景更为接近。     

基于MATLAB的模块化机器人手臂运动学算法验证及运动仿真

针对由模块化关节构成的六自由度串联机器人手臂, 采用DH法对手臂的操作空间进行了描述, 得到了正运动学模型; 采用欧拉角表示手臂姿态, 得到了包含六个参数的用于表示手臂位姿的完备广义坐标, 并对欧拉角的几何关系进行了分析。针对SolidWorks虽然实体建模简洁方便但计算并非其强项的缺点, 编写相应接口程序, 将建立的手臂三维实体模型保留几何约束关系简化后导入MATLAB软件。基于MATLAB编写正逆运动学算法验证程序以及连杆驱动程序, 实现了手臂的仿真运动。通过仿真, 不仅更进一步验证了手臂正逆运动学解算的正确性, 而且非常直观地看出手臂末端在空间中运行的路径以及各关节的动作情况。机器人手臂正逆运动学算法正确性的验证及运动仿真为手臂的精确定位及其路径规划提供了必要的保证。     

Morphology and characterization of conductive films based on polyaniline‐coated polystyrene latexes

The polyaniline (PANI)‐coated polystyrene (PS) latexes were synthesized, and the electrically conductive films were prepared thereafter. The weight ratio of PANI was 5%. Thermal analysis of the latices was performed using DSC and TGA. In this study, the electrically conductive films were prepared above the PS glass transition temperature (T_g). During the film formation, the effects of the annealing temperature and atmosphere (air or N₂) on the film resistance were investigated. In addition, the film morphology was observed utilizing scanning electron microscopy. The film resistance decreased in the initial heating stage due to the increasing temperature and the compaction of film. Then the film resistance increased with further annealing due to the aging of PANI. Typically, the film resistance was about 6000 Ω/sq, and the conductivity was 0.3 S/cm. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 5406–5413, 2006     

Liquid-phase adsorption of dyes and phenols using pinewood-based activated carbons

Physical properties of activated carbons prepared from pinewood at different activation times (0.5, 1.5, 2.7, and 4.0 h) in steam at 900 °C were studied. The adsorption equilibria and kinetics of three dyes and three phenols (phenol, 3-chlorophenol, and o-cresol) from aqueous solutions on such carbons were then examined at 30 °C. The adsorption isotherms of phenols could be well fitted by the Freundlich equation, and those of dyes were adequately described by the Langmuir-Freundlich equation. The effect of microporosity of the carbons on adsorption capacity was explored. Four simplified kinetic models including pseudo-first-order equation, pseudo-second-order equation, intraparticle diffusion model, and the Elovich equation were selected to follow the adsorption processes. The adsorption of all six adsorbates could be best described by the Elovich equation. The kinetic parameters of this best-fit model were calculated and discussed.