地热供热系统腐蚀问题初探

地热是地球本身蕴藏的能源，储量极为丰富，我国在很多领域都大力开发和应用地热。但由于地热水本身的特点，地热系统在运行当中会出现严重的腐蚀现象，本文对地热系统腐蚀的形成及控制进行了初探。     

Surface analysis and adsorption behavior of caffeine as an environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitor at the copper/aqueous chloride solution interface

Abstract

Corrosion inhibitors based on environmentally friendly and harmless products are currently being studied and developed. The corrosion inhibition properties of caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) on copper corrosion in aqueous chloride solution (3.5?wt.% NaCl) are analysed here using stationary and transient electrochemical methods, and a theoretical study based on density functional theory is carried out. Caffeine is a very competitive compared to the chemical inhibitors that are often used for copper protection. Electrochemical and impedance experiments reveal that the protective efficiency of caffeine reaches a value of 96% at a concentration of 10^?2?mol L^?1. Based on these results, the Langmuir model appears to be the best representation of the adsorption of caffeine onto the copper surface. Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to determine the surface morphology and the chemical composition of the copper surface in chloride media, in the absence and presence of caffeine. The results show the development of a mechanism of corrosion inhibition. In order to confirm the correlation between the inhibitory effect and the molecular structure of caffeine, quantum chemical parameters are used to calculate its electronic properties.     

Polymeric absorbent for water sorption based on chemically crosslinked poly (acrylamide/2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt) hydrogels

Summary Swelling equilibrium of polyelectrolyte copolymer gels containing of acrylamide (AAm) and 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt (AMPS) have been studied as a function of copolymer composition. AAm/AMPS hydrogels were prepared by free radical solution polymerization in aqueous solution of AAm with AMPS as anionic comonomer and two multifunctional crosslinkers such as ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) and trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA). Swelling experiments were performed in water at 25 °C, gravimetrically. The influence of AMPS content in hydrogels was examined. Swelling of AAm/AMPS hydrogels was increased up to 1018% (for containing 2% AMPS and crosslinked by EGDMA) 15246% (for containing 8% AMPS and crosslinked by TMPTA), while AAm hydrogels swelled up to 804% (crosslinked by TMPTA)–770% (crosslinked by EGDMA). The values of equilibrium water content of the hydrogels are 0.8851–0.9935. Diffusion behavior was investigated. Water diffusion into hydrogels was found to be non-Fickian in character.     

不同玻璃料对PTC陶瓷性能的影响

研究了AST和ASL两种玻璃料对PTC陶瓷性能的影响,发现在1280℃～1340℃的烧成范围内,添加ASL的样品其室温电阻要比添加AST的样品大,而其电阻—温度特性要比添加AST的样品好,且两种样品的晶粒尺寸及晶粒均匀度有明显差别.研究结果表明,两种样品性能上的差异与它们显微结构上的差异有着密切关系.     

自含砷合碳难处理金矿中提取金的研究─Ⅰ.氨水脱砷-石灰加压氧化-氰化

针对甘肃省坪定金矿含金、砷高、金部分地赋存于脉石、脉石为碱性、属于难选难冶矿的特点，提出了氨水脱砷－石灰加压氧化－氰化新工艺．当原矿含金8．7g／t及13．0％砷时，砷可脱除95％，金可浸出85％．技术及经济指标预计均较满意．     

丙碳脱碳溶剂的改进研究

介绍一种由丙碳、叔胺和少量活化剂构成的复合溶剂的开发，并详细地测定了不同压力和操作工况下，这种复合溶剂对ＣＯ２的吸收和解吸性能，以及溶剂的缓蚀性能和抗氧化性能．实验证明这种复合溶剂与纯丙碳相比，具有吸收容量大、速率快、脱碳净化度高、对设备无腐蚀等特点，对改进现行的丙碳脱碳工艺具有应用价值．     

苎麻脱胶废水处理工艺的试验研究

本文针对苎麻脱胶废水的特点，进行了厌氧－好氧方法处理该废水的试验研究。结果表明：在常温下，当Ｎｖ为３．３３ｋｇＣＯＤ／ｍ＾３．ｄ，进行ＣＯＤ为１００００ｍｌ／Ｌ，ＨＲＴ为７２ｈ，厌氧流化床ＣＯＤ去除率为５０％左右。其出水稀释至１００ｍｇ／Ｌ左右，在０．３４ｋｇＣｏｄ／ｋｇＶＳＳ．ｄ负荷下，经６－８ｈ好氧处理即可达到国家排放标准。     

间二甲苯-磷酸-水三元体系的液-液相平衡

实验测定了不同温度下,间二甲苯-水二元体系和间二甲苯-磷酸-水三元体系的液-液相平衡数据。研究了磷酸中的杂质Fe~(3+)、Al~(3+)和Mg~(2+)对间二甲苯-磷酸-水三元体系相平衡的影响,以及杂质在两相中的分配情况。研究结果对共沸精馏浓缩磷酸提供了必要的理论依据和基础数据。     

Formation of novel polymeric nanoparticles

We have found that not only block copolymers but also ionomers can self-assemble in a selective solvent to form surfactant-free nanoparticles. The self-assembly can be induced by chemical reaction, polymer-polymer complexation, and microphase inversion in addition to the temperature. A recently developed microwave method for the preparation of uniform surfactant-free polymeric nanoparticles is also reviewed. Our results have revealed that for a given dispersion, the particle surface area occupied per stabilizer (surfactant, polymer chains, and ionic groups) is close to a constant.     

文本分析的接受美学视角

目前的普通文体学理论只是关注文本本身的分析,难以确保丈本主题把握的正确性以及文本分析过程的科学性和精确度.接受美学认为作者创作过程和读者接受过程是不可或缺的,二者的结合可以形成新的三位一体结构,是对于普通文体学理论的有益补充.