Anti-selectin therapy modifies skeletal muscle ischemia and reperfusion injury

Restoration of blood flow to ischemic skeletal muscle results in a reperfusion injury characterized by permeability edema in part mediated by neutrophils that adhere via the selectin family of adhesion molecules. Rats underwent 4 h of hindlimb tourniquet ischemia followed by 4 h reperfusion. The role of neutrophils was determined by rendering one group of animals neutropenic before ischemia. In additional experimental groups, selectins were blocked with either a soluble form of the selectin counter-receptor, sialyl-Lewis X (SLX) or a monoclonal antibody directed against P-selectin (PB1.3). Neutrophil depletion resulted in a 36.1% reduction in hindlimb permeability (p < .05). SLX reduced hindlimb permeability index (PI) 23.9% at 1 mg/kg and 36.1% at 10 mg/kg compared to a nonfucosylated oligosaccharide, sialyl-N-acetylactosamine (p < .05). SLX also reduced neutrophil sequestration by 48.6% (p < .05). PB1.3 reduced hindlimb injury by 26.5% (p < .05) but did not reduce leukosequestration. We interpret these data to indicate that ischemia and reperfusion lead to selectin-mediated neutrophil sequestration. The oligosaccharide SLX, while moderately effective in limiting neutrophil sequestration was as effective as neutrophil depletion in reducing hindlimb permeability. The lack of concordance between the ability of SLX and PB1.3 in limiting neutrophil sequestration and permeability indicate mechanisms of action of these two agents that are in addition to the blocking of adhesion.     

Modulating the growth of cysteine-capped cadmium sulfide quantum dots with enzymatically produced hydrogen peroxide

Cysteine (CSH) readily stabilizes cadmium sulfide quantum dots (CdS QDs) that grow in aqueous buffered solutions.The oxidation of CSH by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at room temperature yields cystine (CSSC),which is less efficient in stabilizing CdS QDs compared to CSH.Herein,we demonstrate that such oxidation causes a decrease in the formation rate of CSH-capped CdS QDs from Cd2+ and S2-ions.For the first time,we combined the oxidation of CSH with the glucose oxidase (GOx)-assisted biocatalytic oxidation of D-glucose,which leads to a buildup of H2O2 in the reaction mixture.The enzymatically modulated in situ growth of CdS QDs was monitored using two techniques:fluorescence spectroscopy and photoelectrochemical (PEC) analysis.This system enables quantification of GOx and glucose in human serum.     

一种移动机器人三维路径规划算法

研究移动机器人在三维工作环境中的全局路径规划问题,提出了一种基于神经网络结构能量函数的路径规划算法,可根据障碍物的形状设定不等的模拟退火初始温度.仿真结果表明,该算法计算简单,收敛速度快,是一种有效的移动机器人三维路径规划算法.     

Analysis of Concept Feasibility and Results of Numerical Simulation of a Two-Stage Space Radiator With Variable Emissivity Coating

We present analytical models and a detailed numerical model of a two-stage space radiator with variable emissivity coating on its internal surfaces and we correlate them with experimental data to validate the numerical model. The feasibility of the radiator concept called VESPAR (Variable Emittance SPAce Radiator) is proven using an analytical model and confirmed by a numerical model. This numerical model is then used to compare the thermal performance of VESPAR and a conventional flat radiator. The comparison confirmed that the VESPAR radiator for satellite thermal control could lead to power savings for survival electric heaters or even its elimination.     

Manipulating the Epigenome in Nuclear Transfer Cloning: Where,When and How

The nucleus of a differentiated cell can be reprogrammed to a totipotent state by exposure to the cytoplasm of an enucleated oocyte, and the reconstructed nuclear transfer embryo can give rise to an entire organism. Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has important implications in animal biotechnology and provides a unique model for studying epigenetic barriers to successful nuclear reprogramming and for testing novel concepts to overcome them. While initial strategies aimed at modulating the global DNA methylation level and states of various histone protein modifications, recent studies use evidence-based approaches to influence specific epigenetic mechanisms in a targeted manner. In this review, we describe—based on the growing number of reports published during recent decades—in detail where, when, and how manipulations of the epigenome of donor cells and reconstructed SCNT embryos can be performed to optimize the process of molecular reprogramming and the outcome of nuclear transfer cloning.     

Theoretical analysis of premixed low-velocity filtration combustion for Lewis number different from one

An exact analytical solution for the stationary reaction front propagation in an inert porous media is obtained in the approximation of the narrow reaction zone. It is assumed that the similarity of the temperature and concentration fields does not take a place. The applicability of the solution found for gas and solid disequilibrium temperature distributions in the reactants region and behind the reaction front approximate evaluations is illustrated with the help of one special example.     

Comparison of the effects of transfusions of cryopreserved and liquid-preserved platelets on hemostasis and blood loss after cardiopulmonary bypass

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to compare the clinical effects and hemostatic efficiency of transfusions of platelets preserved in the frozen state for as long as 2 years with transfusions of platelets preserved in the conventional manner for as long as 5 days in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. METHODS: Seventy-three patients were prospectively randomly assigned to receive transfusions of cryopreserved or liquid-preserved platelets. Nonsurgical blood loss was measured during and after the operation. Bleeding time, hematologic variables, and the bleeding time site shed blood were assayed before cardiopulmonary bypass and at 30 minutes and 2, 4, and 24 hours after transfusion. In vitro platelet function tests were conducted on platelets obtained from healthy volunteers. RESULTS: No adverse sequelae of the transfusions were observed. Blood loss and the need for postoperative blood product transfusions were lower in the group receiving cryopreserved platelets. Lower posttransfusion platelet increments and a tendency toward decreased platelet survival were observed in patients receiving cryopreserved platelets. Hematocrit and plasma fibrinogen were significantly higher in this group, and the duration of intubation was shorter. In vitro, cryopreserved platelets demonstrated less aggregation, lower pH, and decreased response to hypotonic stress but generated more procoagulant activity and thromboxane. CONCLUSIONS: (1) Cryopreserved platelet transfusions are superior to liquid-preserved platelets in reducing blood loss and the need for blood product transfusions after cardiopulmonary bypass. (2) The reduction in blood loss in the patients receiving cryopreserved platelet transfusions after cardiopulmonary bypass probably reflects improved in vivo hemostatic function of cryopreserved platelets. (3) Some in vitro measures of platelet quality (aggregation, pH, hypotonic stress) may not reflect in vivo quality of platelet transfusions after cardiopulmonary bypass, whereas other in vitro measures (platelet procoagulant activity and thromboxane) do.     

Discrete element modelling of railway ballast performance considering particle shape and rolling resistance

Railway Engineering Science - To simulate ballast performance accurately and efficiently, the input in discrete element models should be carefully selected, including the contact model and applied...