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81.
On the aerosols monitoring by satellite observations 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Particulate matter is the general term used to identify a complex mixture of organic and inorganic particles (aerosols) that
can be found suspended in the atmosphere in solid, liquid or both physical states. The presence of particulate of non-natural
origin is linked to important climatic and environmental effects. The interactions of these particles with the solar radiation,
the Earth and the atmospheric gases, can modify the atmosphere physical and chemical characteristics, the temperature vertical
profile and other thermodynamic variables, as well as the Earth surface characteristics and its temperature. Studies on the
particles have furthermore demonstrated the existence of a link between the presence of fine and ultra-fine particulate of
non-natural origin and some effects on the health of human and other living being. The aerosols can contaminate a wide area
of the region surrounding the source of particulate. Based upon all these reasons it is considered the utmost importance to
develop a satellite-based system capable of monitoring the presence of particulate on very large areas. This paper provides
methodologies to identify atmospheric particles by means of satellite-based sensors operating both in the reflective and in
the thermal infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum. 相似文献
82.
A methodology for the quantitative risk assessment of major accidents triggered by seismic events 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A procedure for the quantitative risk assessment of accidents triggered by seismic events in industrial facilities was developed. The starting point of the procedure was the use of available historical data to assess the expected frequencies and the severity of seismic events. Available equipment-dependant failure probability models (vulnerability or fragility curves) were used to assess the damage probability of equipment items due to a seismic event. An analytic procedure was subsequently developed to identify, evaluate the credibility and finally assess the expected consequences of all the possible scenarios that may follow the seismic events. The procedure was implemented in a GIS-based software tool in order to manage the high number of event sequences that are likely to be generated in large industrial facilities. The developed methodology requires a limited amount of additional data with respect to those used in a conventional QRA, and yields with a limited effort a preliminary quantitative assessment of the contribution of the scenarios triggered by earthquakes to the individual and societal risk indexes. The application of the methodology to several case-studies evidenced that the scenarios initiated by seismic events may have a relevant influence on industrial risk, both raising the overall expected frequency of single scenarios and causing specific severe scenarios simultaneously involving several plant units. 相似文献
83.
Antonelli LA Testa V Romano P Guetta D Torii K D'Elia V Malesani D 《Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences》2007,365(1854):1235-1240
We present here the analysis of the early and late multiwavelength afterglow emission, as observed by Swift a small robotic telescope and very large telescope (VLT). We compare early observations with late afterglow observations obtained with Swift and the VLT and we observe an intense rebrightening in the optical band at about 1 day after the burst, which is not present in the X-ray band. The lack of detection in X-ray of such a strong rebrightening at lower energies may be described with a variable external density profile. In such a scenario, the combined X-ray and optical observations allow us to derive that the matter density located at approximately 1017 cm from the burst is approximately a factor of 10 higher than in the inner region. This is the first time in which a rebrightening has been observed in the optical afterglow of a gamma-ray burst that is clearly absent in the X-ray afterglow. 相似文献
84.
G Fontanini L Boldrini S Chinè F Pisaturo F Basolo A Calcinai M Lucchi A Mussi CA Angeletti G Bevilacqua 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1999,79(2):363-369
PURPOSE: To determine the distribution of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) in the uveoscleral outflow pathway and other anterior segment tissues of normal human eyes. METHODS: Normal human eyes were fixed in methacarn and sectioned and immunostained using a specific polyclonal antibody to MMP-1. Immunoreactivity was visualized using diaminobenzidine. To compare the staining intensity in various tissues, the mean optical density within the ciliary body, mid-iris stroma, iris root, uveal trabecular meshwork, cornea, and sclera was determined using imaging densitometry. To determine the cellular distribution of MMP-1 in ciliary muscle, additional sections were double-immunostained using antibodies to MMP-1 and calponin. These sections were examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Specificity of the antibody to MMP-1 in ocular tissues was confirmed by western blot analysis with uveal tract homogenates. RESULTS: Moderate-to-strong MMP-1 immunoreactivity was observed in ciliary muscle, iris, sclera, corneal endothelium, and ciliary nonpigmented epithelium. Lighter immunoreactivity was observed in corneal epithelium, blood vessels, trabecular meshwork, Schlemm's canal, and associated collector channels. Confocal microscopy showed that ciliary muscle MMP-1 was primarily inside ciliary muscle cells. Densitometry showed that net optical density was approximately fivefold greater in ciliary muscle, iris root, and sclera than in trabecular meshwork. CONCLUSIONS: MMP-1 was prominently identified in regions of the anterior segment of normal human eyes associated with the uveoscleral outflow pathway and in the iris, corneal endothelium, and ciliary nonpigmented epithelium. These data support the hypothesis that MMP-1 activity is involved in regulating uveoscleral outflow facility. 相似文献
85.
An original technique for the determination of the fraction of unsuspended solid particles at agitation speeds smaller than Njs, is proposed. The technique is based on the “twin-systems” concept and is completed by a suitable tracing and detection technique for the solid phase. Results obtained with a fully baffled tank stirred by a Rushton turbine impeller show that the fraction of solids never leaving the tank bottom can be simply correlated to the ratio between agitation speed and Zwietering's complete suspension speed. It is shown that at agitator speeds of about 80% of Zwietering's complete suspension speed, practically all particles but a few, are already suspended. This finding implies that large energy and installation cost savings can be achieved, with respect to current design practices, without significantly affecting the solid-liquid mixing performance. 相似文献
86.
Amedeo Biasi Valerio Marino Giuditta Dal Cortivo Paolo Enrico Maltese Antonio Mattia Modarelli Matteo Bertelli Leonardo Colombo Daniele DellOrco 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(19)
Guanylate cyclase-activating protein 1 (GCAP1), encoded by the GUCA1A gene, is a neuronal calcium sensor protein involved in shaping the photoresponse kinetics in cones and rods. GCAP1 accelerates or slows the cGMP synthesis operated by retinal guanylate cyclase (GC) based on the light-dependent levels of intracellular Ca2+, thereby ensuring a timely regulation of the phototransduction cascade. We found a novel variant of GUCA1A in a patient affected by autosomal dominant cone dystrophy (adCOD), leading to the Asn104His (N104H) amino acid substitution at the protein level. While biochemical analysis of the recombinant protein showed impaired Ca2+ sensitivity of the variant, structural properties investigated by circular dichroism and limited proteolysis excluded major structural rearrangements induced by the mutation. Analytical gel filtration profiles and dynamic light scattering were compatible with a dimeric protein both in the presence of Mg2+ alone and Mg2+ and Ca2+. Enzymatic assays showed that N104H-GCAP1 strongly interacts with the GC, with an affinity that doubles that of the WT. The doubled IC50 value of the novel variant (520 nM for N104H vs. 260 nM for the WT) is compatible with a constitutive activity of GC at physiological levels of Ca2+. The structural region at the interface with the GC may acquire enhanced flexibility under high Ca2+ conditions, as suggested by 2 μs molecular dynamics simulations. The altered interaction with GC would cause hyper-activity of the enzyme at both low and high Ca2+ levels, which would ultimately lead to toxic accumulation of cGMP and Ca2+ in the photoreceptor outer segment, thus triggering cell death. 相似文献
87.
Cimino Alessandro Gazzoli Delia Indovina Valerio Moretti Giuliano Occhiuzzi Manlio Pepe Franco 《Topics in Catalysis》1999,8(3-4):171-178
Oxide solid solutions NiO–MgO of high surface area were studied by XPS. The surface Ni2+ concentration was found to be equal, within experimental errors, to the bulk concentration. The result is analogous to that
found previously for the low surface area NiO–MgO system and for both the high and low surface area systems of CoO–MgO. The
catalytic oxidation of CO by O2, on high and low surface area NiO–MgO and CoO–MgO materials, was investigated with the aim of relating the catalytic activity
with transition metal ion nature and concentration. Turnover frequency data (CO2 molecules produced per second per surface atom) show that the activity is due primarily to the transition metal ions and
is not subject to the ions being in special configurations (dimers or trimers) or in special positions (edges, corners). The
activity of CoO–MgO is higher than that of NiO–MgO solid solution.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
88.
Naveena B. Janakiram Michael S. Valerio Stephen M. Goldman Christopher L. Dearth 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(24)
Composite tissue injuries (CTI) are common among US Military Service members during combat operations, and carry a high potential of morbidity. Furthermore, CTI are often complicated due to an altered wound healing response, resulting in part from a dysregulation of the innate and adaptive immune responses. Unlike normal wound healing, in CTI, disruptions occur in innate immune responses, altering neutrophil functions, macrophage activation and polarization, further impacting the functions of T regulatory cells. Additionally, the biological underpinnings of these unfavorable wound healing conditions are multifactorial, including various processes, such as: ischemia, hypoxia, low nutrient levels, and altered cell metabolic pathways, among others, all of which are thought to trigger anergy in immune cells and destabilize adaptive immune responses. As a result, impaired wound healing is common in CTI. Herein, we review the altered innate and adaptive immune cells and their metabolic status and responses following CTI, and discuss the role a multi-pronged immunomodulatory approach may play in facilitating improved outcomes for afflicted patients. 相似文献
89.
90.
Michele Monno Valerio Mussi Daniela Negri Luca Zampori Giovanni Dotelli 《材料科学与工程:中英文A版...》2013,(8):531-539
Bonding between a metal foam core and a metallic skin is a pre requisite for the technological application of aluminum foam as filling reinforcement material to improve energy absorption and vibration damping of hollow components. This work is a preliminary study for the microstructural characterization of the interface layer formed between a commercial powder metallurgy (PM) precursor and a steel mould during foaming. The microstructure of the intermetallic layer was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis and nanohardness measurements on the cross section. X-ray diffraction measurements, performed on the foam/substrate surface after stepwise material removal, allow the identification of the intermetallic phases. Two intermetallic layers, identified as Fe2Als and FeAI3, characterize the low Si foam/substrate while the AISiI0 foam/substrate interface evidences the presence of three Fe(Si, AI) intermetallic layers with different composition. Two and three different phases of increasing hardness could be distinguished going from the foam to the steel substrate for AIMglSi0.6 and AISiI0 precursors respectively. The results suggest the importance of elemental diffusion from steel substrate in the molten aluminum matrix (foam). The possibility to control and tailor the microstructural properties of the interface between foam and steel skin is of fundamental importance in the technological process of foam filled structures manufacturing. 相似文献