Facilitating Collocated Crowdsourcing on Situated Displays

Online crowdsourcing enables the distribution of work to a global labor force as small and often repetitive tasks. Recently, situated crowdsourcing has emerged as a complementary enabler to elicit labor in specific locations and from specific crowds. Teamwork in online crowdsourcing has been recently shown to increase the quality of output, but teamwork in situated crowdsourcing remains unexplored. We set out to fill this gap. We present a generic crowdsourcing platform that supports situated teamwork and provide experiences from a laboratory study that focused on comparing traditional online crowdsourcing to situated team-based crowdsourcing. We built a crowdsourcing desk that hosts three networked terminal displays. The displays run our custom team-driven crowdsourcing platform that was used to investigate collocated crowdsourcing in small teams. In addition to analyzing quantitative data, we provide findings based on questionnaires, interviews, and observations. We highlight 1) emerging differences between traditional and collocated crowdsourcing, 2) the collaboration strategies that teams exhibited in collocated crowdsourcing, and 3) that a priori team familiarity does not significantly affect collocated interaction in crowdsourcing. The approach we introduce is a novel multi-display crowdsourcing setup that supports collocated labor teams and along with the reported study makes specific contributions to situated crowdsourcing research.     

Multi‐parametric linear programming under global uncertainty

Multi‐parametric programming has proven to be an invaluable tool for optimisation under uncertainty. Despite the theoretical developments in this area, the ability to handle uncertain parameters on the left‐hand side remains limited and as a result, hybrid, or approximate solution strategies have been proposed in the literature. In this work, a new algorithm is introduced for the exact solution of multi‐parametric linear programming problems with simultaneous variations in the objective function's coefficients, the right‐hand side and the left‐hand side of the constraints. The proposed methodology is based on the analytical solution of the system of equations derived from the first order Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions for general linear programming problems using symbolic manipulation. Emphasis is given on the ability of the proposed methodology to handle efficiently the LHS uncertainty by computing exactly the corresponding nonconvex critical regions while numerical studies underline further the advantages of the proposed methodology, when compared to existing algorithms. © 2017 The Authors AIChE Journal published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 3871–3895, 2017     

Uncertainty in estimating the performance of solar thermal systems

The scope of this article is to present a methodology for the estimation of the uncertainty characterizing the energy performance of solar domestic hot water systems. The work concentrates on the uncertainty characterizing the expected annual energy output, as calculated through tests implemented according to the valid international standards. In order to cope with difficulties related to the algorithmic character of the measurement model, which cannot be explicitly formulated, Monte-Carlo simulation techniques are implemented. The component of uncertainty associated with measurement errors is estimated, on the basis of the metrological quality anticipated by the relevant testing standards. Errors due to imperfections of the energy model used through the test are also counted in, as well as uncertainties attributed to the variability of meteorological conditions. The proposed uncertainty analysis allows the realistic assessment of the actual energy provided to the user by a solar domestic hot water system. Implementation of the proposed methodology for a typical system leads to an expanded uncertainty in the order of 9% for the expected annual energy output.     

Optical performance and instantaneous efficiency calculation of linear Fresnel solar collectors

The main objective of this study is the investigation of the effect of the optical path of incident beam solar radiation on the performance of a linear Fresnel concentrating solar collector. The requirements regarding the kinematics of the reflectors are examined, allowing the effective focus of the reflected radiation on the receiver cover. A methodology for the calculation of the reflection angles of the sun rays incident on the mirrors, as well as of the incidence angles of the reflected rays on the cover, as a function of the sun position and the geometry of the collector is proposed. Specific scenarios, describing the effect of the solar radiation optical path on the collected heat, are formulated, each of them leading to a different form for the instantaneous efficiency equation. The evaluation and analysis of these scenarios, on the basis of actual operation conditions, has shown that the effect of the reflection and incidence angles throughout the modeling of the collector and the calculation of the useful thermal power cannot be neglected.     

Applying configurational analysis to IS behavioural research: a methodological alternative for modelling combinatorial complexities

An important limitation of regression‐based analysis stems from the assumption of symmetric relationships between variables, which is often violated. To overcome this limitation within IS research, we propose the use of the fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis (FsQCA) method. The paper elaborates on the rationale for applying this approach to IS behavioural research and how to tailor FsQCA for this purpose. A systematic interpretation of the technique covering its mathematical properties and advanced features is provided. Drawing from an illustrative study of mobile government services adoption by residents of rural areas, the paper demonstrates FsQCA's potential to supplement regression‐based IS behavioural research, by (i) examining asymmetric relationships between a set of antecedents and the IS phenomenon of interest, (ii) providing nuanced coverage of necessary and sufficient conditions for emergence of an IS behavioural outcome, and (iii) identifying various configurations of conditions in association with users' demographic characteristics. © 2015 Blackwell Publishing Ltd     

A polarimetric CFAR ship detector based on the joint probability function of simulated first-order Markov chains

In this work, a novel ship detection procedure is presented for radar signals whose backscattering power is of the same order while their polarimetric characteristics differ greatly. The stochastic nature of the polarimetric characteristics of the background (clutter) and the target signal (ship) can be adequately described by first-order Markov chains (FMCs). The proposed feature corresponds to the joint probability of sequential states of variable finite sequential segments of the FMCs. The classic Constant False Alarm Rate (CFAR) detection theory is adapted to the discrete space of the Markov experimental distributions of the proposed feature while the adaptive thresholding technique is overcome by considering a global model for describing the clutter. Performance assessment of the proposed detection procedure is carried out by means of three sets of FMCs each one corresponding to a clutter-target pair for different lengths of the finite FMC segments. The experimental results present high detection scores making the proposed detection procedure ideal for signals characterized by the Markov property. A comparative study of previous detection approaches has been implemented that shows the superiority of the proposed detection procedure.     

An efficient discrete event model of assembly/disassembly production networks

This paper develops a discrete event simulation model of assembly/disassembly (AD) production networks with finite buffers and unreliable machines. The model is an extension of a previous continuous flow model, which simulates the system only when a machine's production rate is altered. The events causing changes in the production rates are: a machine fails or is repaired and a buffer becomes full, empty, not full, or not empty. During operation between two events the system runs deterministically. Thus, given the state of the system (machine cumulative production, buffer levels and their statistics) at the time of occurrence of some event, the corresponding state variables upon the occurrence of the next event can be updated using analysis. The proposed model does not use repair, not-full, and not-empty events. This is achieved by considering the machine downtimes as transient times in which no parts are produced and by developing more complex state equations. Numerical results show that the model combines speed and accuracy.     

This is not classified: everyday information seeking and encountering in smart urban spaces

We present a multipronged comparative study of citizens’ self-proclaimed information needs and actual information seeking behavior in smart urban spaces. We first conducted several user studies to identify the types of information services that citizens believed to be useful in urban setting utilizing methods ranging from contextual inquiry with lo-fi prototypes to “card sorting” exercise with a separate set of participants, and finally to implementing selected services. We then made a sizeable constructive intervention into the urban space by deploying in a city center 12 large, interactive public displays called “hotspots” to offer a wide range of previously identified information services. We collected comprehensive qualitative and quantitative data on the usage of the hotspots and their services by the general public during 13 months. Our study reveals discrepancies between a priori and a posteriori information seeking strategies extracted from the self-proclaimed information needs and the actual usage of the hotspots.     

The effect of externally applied uniaxial compressive stress on the magnetic properties of power MnZn-ferrites

In this article, the effect of uniaxial compressive stress with magnitude up to ~53 MPa on the magnetic properties of power MnZn-ferrites of the general chemical formula Mn_0.81Zn_0.19Fe_2+δΟ₄ has been investigated. In addition, the effects of various process operational or material structural parameters such as sintering partial pressure of oxygen, final density and grain size on the stress sensitivity of the polycrystalline component have been studied. As found, the temperature of the secondary initial permeability maximum and the power loss minimum are reduced by ~0.5 °C MPa^?1 while the magnetic flux density by ~1.4 mT MPa^?1 upon the exertion of uniaxial compressive stress on the component. The sintering partial pressure of oxygen exhibits an optimum at which the material stress sensitivity becomes minimum. The results have been explained on the basis of variations induced in the anisotropy field as well as on the basis of the defect structure of the material and its dependency on the partial pressure of oxygen.