含硫化氢气井钻井过程中的腐蚀因素与防护研究

在含硫气井的钻井过程中对于HRC大于22的钻具钢材除了腐蚀疲劳之外，在pH值小于9的环境中会发生硫化物应力腐蚀破裂，这种破坏比腐蚀疲劳更突然、更快，使钻杆大量损坏。含硫气井在钻井过程中，由于湿硫化氢的出现，常常会出现油管、套管、钻井设备、钻井仪器以及对支持保护管柱的水泥环柱等腐蚀和损坏问题，为此，阐述了湿硫化氢的腐蚀特点、机理，归纳总结了影响腐蚀的因素，综述了如何在这些方面防止其腐蚀，使损失减小，为指导油管、套管防腐工程实践提供了依据。建议在钻井过程中采用碱性钻井液，其pH值可到9或更高(至pH值12)，以减缓或防止钻井过程中电化学从硫化物应力腐蚀破裂；含硫气井用的钻杆应该间歇使用。钻杆停用堆置时间可使其放氢，使钻杆恢复韧性，防止硫化物应力腐蚀断裂。     

Analysis and architecture design of variable block-size motion estimation for H.264/AVC

Variable block-size motion estimation (VBSME) has become an important video coding technique, but it increases the difficulty of hardware design. In this paper, we use inter-/intra-level classification and various data flows to analyze the impact of supporting VBSME in different hardware architectures. Furthermore, we propose two hardware architectures that can support traditional fixed block-size motion estimation as well as VBSME with less chip area overhead compared to previous approaches. By broadcasting reference pixel rows and propagating partial sums of absolute differences (SADs), the first design has the fewer reference pixel registers and a shorter critical path. The second design utilizes a two-dimensional distortion array and one adder tree with the reference buffer that can maximize the data reuse between successive searching candidates. The first design is suitable for low resolution or a small search range, and the second design has advantages of supporting a high degree of parallelism and VBSME. Finally, we propose an eight-parallel SAD tree with a shared reference buffer for H.264/AVC integer motion estimation (IME). Its processing ability is eight times of the single SAD tree, but the reference buffer size is only doubled. Moreover, the most critical issue of H.264 IME, which is huge memory bandwidth, is overcome. We are able to save 99.9% off-chip memory bandwidth and 99.22% on-chip memory bandwidth. We demonstrate a 720-p, 30-fps solution at 108 MHz with 330.2k gate count and 208k bits on-chip memory.     

Synthesis of an isotropic reradiator for suppression of TE-polarized wave scattering by a perfectly conducting cylinder

The problem of synthesis of an isotropic reradiator providing for the transparency of a circular perfectly conducting cylinder illuminated by a TE-polarized plane wave is investigated. A general solution to the problem of diffraction from the cylinder with a reradiator is obtained, and a system of nonlinear equations for the synthesis problem is derived. Numerical solution of the synthesis problem is illustrated by a number of examples.     

一种高精度的非平稳随机信号实时建模算法研究

针对传统的非平稳随机信号时变参数筹分模型算法的不足,论文把非平稳随机信号时变参数差分模型与一种带自适应遗忘因子的RLS算法结合起来,形成一种有效的非平稳随机信号实时建模算法,仿真分析表明该算法不仅能获得快的收敛速度而且能获得高的建模精度。     

A new detection algorithm (NDA) based on fuzzy cellular neural networks for white blood cell detection.

White blood cell detection is one of the most basic and key steps in the automatic recognition system of white blood cells in microscopic blood images. Its accuracy and stability greatly affect the operating speed and recognition accuracy of the whole system. But there are only a few methods available for cell detection or segmentation due to the complexity of the microscopic images. This paper focuses on this issue. Based on the detailed analysis of the existing two methods--threshold segmentation followed by mathematical morphology (TSMM), and the fuzzy logic method--a new detection algorithm (NDA) based on fuzzy cellular neural networks is proposed. NDA combines the advantages of TSMM and the fuzzy logic method, and overcomes their drawbacks. With NDA, we can detect almost all white blood cells, and the contour of each detected cell is nearly complete. Its adaptability is strong and the running speed is expected to be comparatively high due to the easy hardware implementation of FCN. Experimental results show good performance.     

Selection of structural parameters of a cylindrical-conical hydrocyclone for separation of suspensions by dual-stage flotation

A mathematical model for separation of suspensions with a non-Newtonian disperse medium by dual-stage pressurized flotation in a cylindrical-conical hydrocyclone is developed. A system of differential equations of the convective diffusion and movement of a complex of particles-bubbles is solved by a numerical method. The concentration field is modeled, and integral separation indicators are determined. Values of structural parameters of the hydrocyclone for which the separation indicators depend heavily on the taper angle of the conical section of the housing and the rheological properties of the disperse medium are established. It is demonstrated that dual-stage pressurized flotation makes it possible to reduce considerably the residual concentration of solid-phase particles as compared with single-stage flotation.     

Operational aspects of adsorption air‐conditioner used in diesel locomotive

A locomotive cabin adsorption air‐conditioner has been equipped in #DF4B‐2369 locomotive; and has been successfully run for 2 years. It is powered by waste heat from the exhaust of the diesel engine. The influence on heat transfer is described by the equivalent heat transfer coefficient or thermal resistance of components inside the adsorber. The variation of adsorption capacity is expressed by a non‐equilibrium adsorption function. The dynamic heat transfer process of adsorption air‐conditioning system is treated with the lumped parameter method. Some typical running experimental results are present. The diesel engine rotating speed and locomotive speed influenced on the refrigeration system are discussed. The maximum mean refrigeration power is regarded as an objective function. Based on experiments and theoretical analysis, the running characteristics of the air‐conditioning system are optimized. Some techniques of performance improvement are suggested as well. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

个性化公开密钥系统的设计

论文提出利用用户提供的个性化信息来随机产生关联大素数,保证了素数选取的随机化、个性化,提高了RSA算法的安全性。     

信息系统灾难恢复能力评估方法研究

论文提出了一种信息系统灾难恢复能力评估方法:信息资产分析方法、本地灾难恢复和远程灾难恢复等级的划分方法,并在此基础上,利用AHP层次分析法,构建了一套灾难恢复能力评估指标体系。该方法可以使评估结果具有更好的针对性和全面性。     

MPTA型原油脱金属剂的工业应用

在对高金属含量原油进行初步评价的基础上，利用SH—Ⅰ型电脱盐试验仪对自主开发的MPTA型原油脱金属剂进行了原油脱金属的实验室研究。结果表明，当MPTA型脱金属剂加入量为250μg／g时，钙的脱除率可达97．4％，并且对其它金属元素，如镍、铁、钠、锰、铝和钒也有明显的脱除效果。该剂在山东恒源石油化工股份有限公司重交沥青车间500kt／a的电脱盐装置上进行原油脱金属工业试验的结果表明，经过二级电脱盐处理后，钙的脱除率达到99．1％，钠的脱除率为94．6％，铁的脱除率为82．9％，并可在一定程度上降低原油中镍和铜的含量。使用MPTA型原油脱金属剂显著降低了一、二级电脱盐装置的电场电流，有利于炼油厂的节能降耗。