Web service and business process technologies are widely adopted to facilitate business automation and collaboration. Given
the complexity of business processes, it is a sought-after feature to show a business process with different views to cater
for the diverse interests, authority levels, etc., of different users. Aiming to implement such flexible process views in
the Web service environment, this paper presents a novel framework named FlexView to support view abstraction and concretisation
of WS-BPEL processes. In the FlexView framework, a rigorous view model is proposed to specify the dependency and correlation
between structural components of process views with emphasis on the characteristics of WS-BPEL, and a set of rules are defined
to guarantee the structural consistency between process views during transformations. A set of algorithms are developed to
shift the abstraction and concretisation operations to the operational level. A prototype is also implemented for the proof-of-concept
purpose. 相似文献
In this research, two different types of commercial tannins, namely a hydrolysable tannin (chestnut) and a condensed flavonoid tannin (mimosa), were used to prepare two types of soy-based (soy flour (SF) and soy protein isolate) adhesives for making plywood. Thermogravimetric properties (TGA) and its derivative as function of temperature (DTG) of different soy-based adhesive were measured in the range 40°C–300°C. Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) from 25°C to 250°C was done for the different resin formulations. Duplicate three-ply laboratory plywood panels were prepared by adding 300 g/m2 of the adhesives’ total resin solid content composed of SF or isolated soy protein (ISP), urea, chestnut, and mimosa tannin extracts with hexamine as hardener. Based on the results obtained, tannins can improve SF adhesion properties. The TMA showed that chestnut tannin extract appeared to react well with SF, while mimosa tannin extract appeared to react well with ISP. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry also showed that among other reactions, the soy protein amino acids reacted with the tannins. Furthermore, delamination and shear strength test results showed the good water resistance of plywood bonded with soy-based tannin modified adhesive. 相似文献
Alternative medicinal source is a hot issue within medicine community now a days due to various side effects of allotropic drugs; most importantly the multidrug resistance phenomena. Medicinal plants provide an attractive and effective alternative to modern synthetic drugs as they contain different types of bioactive compounds, having great potential in treatment of various diseases. The present study deals with identification of micromorphological characteristics of 10 ethnomedicinally important plants of Northern Pakistan, that is, Aster himalaicus C. B. Clarke, Artemisia maritima (Berg.) Wellkomm, Isodon rugosus (Wall. ex Benth.), Myricaria squamosal Desv, Pedicularis groenlandica Retz. Polygonum aviculare L, Salvia himmelbauer E. Peter, Swertia kingie Hook. f., Tanacetum dolichophyllum (Kitam) Kitam, Verbascum epixanthinum Boiss. & Heldr. as potential source for pharmaceutical industry. The characters studied were shape and size of pollen, polar diameter and equatorial diameter, epidermal cell shape and size, stomata width and length, trichome shapes, and type. Most of the species had tricolporate pollen type but hexacolporate pollen was also observed in Isodon rugosus, Polygonum aviculare, Salvia himmelbauer. Different types of exine sculpturing observed were foveolate, scabrate, lophate, regular, steriate, and alveolate. Minimum equatorial diameter was noted in Tanacetum dolichophyllum (12.4 μm) and maximum in Myricaria squamosal (20.9 μm). Shape of epidermis cell ranged from rectangular and irregular, polygonal and pentagonal. Different types of stomata like anisocytic, actinocytic, paracytic, and diacytic were noticed. Variations in microscopic characters observed in the current study have great potential to be used as identification tools by the taxonomists for further studies. 相似文献
From the analysis of the variation of optical absorption coefficient with incident photon energy between 0.8 and 2.6 eV, obtained from ellipsometric data, the energy EG of the fundamental absorption edge and EG′ of the forbidden direct transition for CuInxGa1−xSe2 alloys are estimated. The change in EG and the spin-orbit splitting ΔSO=EG′−EG with the composition x can be represented by parabolic expression of the form EG(x)=EG(0)+ax+bx2 and ΔSO(x)=ΔSO(0)+a′x+b′x2, respectively. b and b′ are called “bowing parameters”. Theoretical fit gives a=0.875 eV, b=0.198 eV, a′=0.341 eV and b′=−0.431 eV. The positive sign of b and negative sign of b′ are in agreement with the theoretical prediction of Wei and Zunger [Phys. Rev. B 39 (1989) 6279]. 相似文献
Vaccination of mice with plasmid DNA carrying the gene for the major secreted mycobacterial antigen 85A (Ag85A) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a powerful technique for generating robust specific Thl helper T-cell responses, CD8+-mediated cytotoxicity, and protection against M. tuberculosis challenge (K. Huygen et al., Nat. Med. 2:893-898, 1996). We have now analyzed in more detail the antigen-specific immune CD4+- and CD8+-T-cell responses induced in BALB/c mice vaccinated with Ag85A DNA and have compared these responses to those generated by intravenous infection with M. tuberculosis. T-cell-epitope mapping, as measured by interleukin-2 and gamma interferon secretion from splenic T cells restimulated in vitro with synthetic 20-mer peptides spanning the complete mature sequence of Ag85A, demonstrated that DNA vaccination stimulated a stronger and broader T-cell response than did M. tuberculosis infection. Moreover, elevated cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity against Ag85A-transfected and peptide-pulsed P815 target cells could be generated exclusively by vaccination with plasmid DNA, not following M. tuberculosis infection. By using DNA vaccination, three Ag85A CTL epitopes with predicted major histocompatibility complex class I binding motifs were defined. One of them was previously reported as a dominant, promiscuously recognized T-cell epitope in healthy humans with primary infections. These data strengthen the potential of DNA vaccination with respect to inducing antituberculous immunity in humans. 相似文献
In composite beams, shear connectors are commonly used to transfer longitudinal shear forces across the steel-concrete interface. This paper presents an experimental study on the behavior of channel shear connectors embedded in a solid concrete material slab under monotonic and low-cycle fatigue loading. The latter would be applicable to composite structures subjected to seismic events. Of specific interest are the behavior and effects of different concrete materials. A series of push-out specimens made of plain concrete, reinforced concrete (RC), fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) and engineered cementitious composite (ECC) were tested for this evaluation. The results show that the reversed cyclic shear strength of most specimens is 10%-23% lower than their monotonic strength. Also, using the polypropylene fibers (FRC specimens) has a slight effect on the shear strength and load-displacement behavior of the specimens; however, using the polyvinyl alcohol fibers (ECC specimens) causes considerable increase in ultimate strength and ductility of channel shear connectors. Finally, the experimental load capacities are compared with that suggested by North American design codes. 相似文献
Conveniently combining properties such as high interfacial surface area, excellent visible light absorption and semiconductor‐range bandgap, conjugated nanoporous polymer networks are promising candidates as pure organic, metal‐free, visible light‐responsive and heterogeneous photocatalysts. Here, a facile yet precise bandgap engineering strategy to achieve fine justification of the valence and conduction band positions of a series of nanoporous polymers to optimally bracket the redox potential of the targeted individual photoredox reaction via copolymerization of the electron‐withdrawing benzobisthiadiazole moieties into the polymer network backbone is presented. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of the nanoporous polymer networks was demonstrated in the synthesis of 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinoline, an important motif in pharmaceutical compounds, via photooxidative cyclization of N,N‐dimethylanilines with maleimides.