乙酸乙烯合成用废催化剂提锌机理研究

选择微波辐射预处理废催化剂,可以显著提高锌的浸出率。采用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对微波辐射预处理前后和浸出前后的物相及废催化剂形貌进行了表征。废催化剂原料以乙酸锌和活性炭为主。经过微波辐射预处理后,发生了物相变化,废催化剂中以碳和氧化锌为主要物相,并且活性炭孔道打开,氧化锌吸附于废催化剂表面和孔道中,大大提高了与浸出剂的接触面积。浸出后,废催化剂中以碳为主要物相,实现了氧化锌与碳的有效分离。     

传统法制备嗪草酮印迹聚合物

农药嗪草酮应用广泛,它的残留问题引起了人们的普遍关注,发展快速准确的检测方法势在必行。而分子印迹技术因其独特的优点使它成为痕量残留快速检测的一种较好的方法。采用传统法制备嗪草酮印迹聚合物,以甲基丙烯酸(MAA)为功能单体,N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,甲苯为溶剂,在50℃时聚合得到选择性、吸附性最佳的印迹聚合物。     

微波辐射活性炭固载对甲苯磺酸催化合成乙酸异戊酯

用颗粒状活性炭固载对甲苯磺酸作催化剂，在微波辐射下合成乙酸异戊酯。实验结果显示，当微波功率为150W，催化剂用量为1．4g，n(醇)：n(酸)=1．2：1，反应时间30min，酯化率为98．0％以上。另外通过实验发现，微波辐射下其反应速率明显高于常规加热方式。     

Reversible addition fragmentation transfer (RAFT) polymerization of styrene in a miniemulsion: A mechanistic investigation

The RAFT polymerization of styrene in miniemulsion using 1-phenylethyl phenyl-dithioacetate (PEPDTA) as a RAFT agent was investigated, in attempt to reveal the mechanism for the often observed inferior performance such as low polymerization rate, broad molecular weight distribution and particle size distribution in the RAFT miniemulsion polymerization with regular levels of surfactant and co-stabilizer (1 wt% sodium dodecyl sulfate and 2 wt% hexadecane). It is strongly evident that a few of large oligomer particles consisting of oligomer, RAFT agent (RAFT agent refers to the original RAFT agent), and monomer would be formed in the early stage of the polymerization due to the superswelling of the first nucleated droplets. With the regular levels of surfactant and co-stabilizer, the observed low polymerization rate, broadened molecular weight distribution, slow conversion of the RAFT agent, lower N_p, and broadened particle size distribution could be well explained by the formation of these large oligomer particles and their prolonged existence. When the formation of the oligomer particles was suppressed by increasing surfactant and co-stabilizer levels and wise selection of types of RAFT agent, the molecular weight distribution could be narrowed to around 1.3 and particle size distribution could be close to that of the conventional non-living miniemulsion polymerization.     

Synthesis,characterization, and thermal properties of phosphorus‐containing,wholly aromatic thermotropic copolyesters

A series of phosphorus‐containing, wholly aromatic thermotropic copolyesters from acetylated 2‐(6‐oxide‐6H‐dibenz〈c,e〉〈1,2〉oxa phosphorin‐6‐yl)‐1,4‐dihydroxy phenylene, p‐acetoxybenzoic acid, terephthalic acid, and isophthalic acid were prepared by melting polycondensation. The structure and basic properties of the polymers, such as the glass‐transition temperature (T_g), melting temperature (T_m), thermal stability, crystallinity, and liquid crystallinity, were investigated with Fourier transform infrared, elemental analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, and hot‐stage polarizing optical microscopy. The copolyesters had relatively high T_g values ranging from 183 to 192°C. The T_m values obtained from DSC curves for samples P‐20 and P‐25 were 290 and 287°C, respectively (where the number in the sample name indicates the molar fraction of the phosphorus‐containing monomer in the reactants). The initial flow temperatures of other samples observed with hot‐stage polarizing microscopy were 271–290°C. The 5% degradation temperatures in nitrogen ranged from 431 to 462°C, and the char yields at 640°C were 41–52%. All the copolyesters, except P‐40, were thermotropic and nematic. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 1278–1284, 2002     

糠醛生产与热电联合处理糠醛废渣模式探讨

糠醛废渣问题是制约我国糠醛行业发展的瓶颈。本文运用工业协作的基本原理,对糠醛生产和热电联合处理糠醛废渣模式进行了分析探讨,对于有效解决糠醛废渣问题及糠醛行业和其它行业实践生态工业具有积极的意义。     

2,6-二氟苯甲酸合成工艺研究

为优化2,6-二氟苯甲酸(DFBA)的合成工艺,以2,6-二氯苯腈(DCBN)和氟化钾为原料,N,N-二甲基酰胺(DMF)为溶剂,在聚醚类催化剂A的催化下氟代合成中间体2,6-二氟苯腈,然后中间体在碱性条件下水解制得(DFBA).试验结果表明,合成DFBN的最佳条件为:DCBN在DMF中的质量浓度为0.38g/mL,KF的量为DCBN的量的2.3～2.4倍,反应时间10 h,最高收率93.5%;合成DFBA时,以质量分数为20%的NaOH为介质,反应时间9 h,收率≥92%.收率93.5%,纯度99.7%.该工艺收率高、三废排放少,可节省成本,有望工业推广.     

隔膜中残油量对锂电池性能的影响

锂离子电池隔膜在锂离子电池中主要起隔绝正负极防止短路和允许锂离子导通的作用[1],因此,锂离子电池隔膜品质的优劣直接影响到锂离子电池的应用性能。在锂电池隔膜制备的过程中,以石蜡油作为造孔剂,用热致相分离法制备聚乙烯微孔膜,石蜡油的残留不可避免。本文研究了隔膜中石蜡油的残留量对电池自放电、倍率放电、高温存储、循环性能等应用性能的影响。研究结果表明,残油量越低锂电池的应用性能越优。     

VideoGraph: a non-linear video representation for efficient exploration

In this paper we introduce VideoGraph, a novel non-linear representation for scene structure of a video. Unlike classical linear sequential organization, VideoGraph concentrates the video content across the time line by structuring scenes and materializes with two-dimensional graph, which enables non-linear exploration on the scenes and their transitions. To construct VideoGraph, we adopt a sub-shot induced method to evaluate the spatio-temporal similarity between shot segments of video. Then, scene structure is derived by grouping similar shots and identifying the valid transitions between scenes. The final stage is to represent the scene structure using a graph with respect to scene transition topology. Our VideoGraph can provide a condensed representation in the scene level and facilitate a non-linear manner to browse videos. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency by using VideoGraph to explore and access the video content.