基于信息隐藏的混沌JPEG图像加密算法

结合图像数据冗余性特点和图像压缩过程给出一种JPEG图像加密算法.在加密过程中：一方面结合压缩方法的特性,构造了加密算法,使得加密尽量不影响压缩;另一方面引入128bit的随机数,每次加密该随机数均不同.加密完成后,将该随机数嵌入到加密后图像的最低有效位后得到最终的密文图像.实验和分析表明该算法具有较好的安全性.此外,虽然加密过程导致图像DCT系数的损失,但并不影响解密后图像的视觉效果.     

基于PIC单片机的无源锁系统设计

基于PIC微功耗单片机,设计了一套由无源锁头、电子钥匙、中心管理系统平台组成的无源锁系统.系统结合了智能锁芯与机械锁芯的优点,将系统供电模块集成在电子钥匙中,实现锁头的无源管理.介绍了无源锁系统的工作原理及机械控制,给出了硬件设计和软件流程图.系统中无源锁头和电子钥匙均可记录开锁事件,中心管理系统平台实现对无源锁头和电子钥匙的参数设置,对钥匙进行授权和数据库管理.本设计解决了野外环境中电子锁具的供电问题,拓宽了电子钥匙应用范围,在住宅、办公和野外等应用中具有推广价值.     

直接液相剥离法制备无缺陷石墨烯

石墨烯优良的物理和化学性能,使它日益得到广泛的关注.如何获得高质量高产量的石墨烯对石墨烯未来的开发和应用至关重要.直接液相剥离法制备石墨烯是一种有望实现高质量石墨烯量产化的方法.该方法是在一定介质中通过超声手段将石墨烯晶体从石墨中剥离出来,形成胶体溶液,从而得到石墨烯.通过剥离介质(溶剂及辅助试剂)的筛选可以有效地提高石墨烯的剥离效率.本文主要介绍近年来液相剥离法制备石墨烯的研究进展,讨论了在不同的剥离介质、剥离条件下制得的石墨烯的质量和产量.旨在为未来液相剥离法制备石墨烯的发展提供参考,开发更加有效的剥离体系,研究能够高效生产高性能石墨烯的新方法.     

带激光反射镜重要设备轴线方位角测量方法的探讨

随着我国国民经济的快速发展,各项重大工程项目不断开展,测量在工程项目建设的地位重要性越来越强,经常会遇到很多涉及到重要工程的高精度测量,特别是受工程与项目环境的约束,采用常规的作业方法受到局限,如何采用最优最可靠的方法是测绘服务国民经济需要研究的问题,在可重复验证满足测量精度的同时,需要对独立的工程项目进行专项测量技术设计,以此来满足工程独特的技术与精度要求;本文探讨对某重要激光反射设备进行激光反射镜反射的不可见短轴轴线方位进行测量,由于受设备环境影响,激光镜面可见,垂直镜面反射的激光轴线在设备内不可见也不可延长,如何高精度的测量激光轴线方位是设备安装后调试的关键。     

基于脉搏光谱分形算法的血氧测量研究

脉搏光谱测量方法被普遍用于临床的血氧饱和度的监测,由于检测时低血氧和血氧波动将改变血红蛋白的吸光系数,会造成脉搏光谱测量的误差。本文针对血氧波动、外界环境等产生的噪声干扰问题,采用脉搏光谱分形法去除光谱信号中的噪声干扰,利用自适应校正后的准理想光谱计算血氧饱和度,使得血氧饱和度的值更为精确,从而进一步保证其他生理参数的准确计算。实验结果表明,该方法有效提高了血氧饱和度的检测精度,为抗血氧干扰的无创肝储备功能的检测提供理论依据和实用方法。     

小口径自动炮低后坐力射击模式研究

为了降低和有效控制火炮发射时产生的后坐力,提出了采用增大后坐长度,弹箱与自动炮共同浮动射击的方法,形成一种低后坐力的射击模式,达到以大后坐行程后位浮动的射击方式来降低后坐力的目的.以小口径自动炮为例,建立了该自动炮后坐运动的数学模型,经过动态仿真分析,在两种射速下与常规射击模式的最大后坐力进行了对比,同时考虑到射击过程中弹箱中炮弹数量不断减少而引起后坐质量变化的因素,得出此低后坐力射击模式能够有效降低自动炮射击过程中产生的后坐力,相比于常规射击模式,后坐力降低了50%以上,为小口径自动炮的减小后坐力技术提供了参考.     

Kaiser 效应点识别方法及储层地应力预测

在储层岩心Kaiser 实验中,声发射累积曲线通常出现多个突变点,导致常规Kaiser 效应点识别方法不精确,甚至存在无法读取Kaiser 点的问题。为此,提出将声发射能量图谱与声发射累积曲线结合的Kaiser 效应点优化识别方法,并用于某油田X区块储层地应力预测。岩心单轴加载实验结果表明：加载初期,岩心处于压缩阶段,声发射数量较多,声发射能量值波动范围较大;加载中期,岩心处于弹性形变阶段,声发射数量较少,声发射能量值较低,变化幅度均一;加载后期,应力达到储层岩心破裂压力,岩心发生破裂,声发射数量急剧增加,声发射能量值达到峰值。加载中期阶段,当轴向应力达到储层岩心承受的历史最大应力时,岩心突然释放大量能量,声发射数量和能量值均突增,随后迅速降低,该现象与Kaiser 现象相吻合,因此通过声发射能量图谱与声发射累积曲线结合的方法能够识别Kaiser 效应点。利用优化后的Kaiser 效应点识别方法,分析某油田X区块地应力分布,计算结果与现场测试结果吻合。     

Bioelectrochemical sulfate reduction enhanced nitrogen removal from industrial wastewater containing ammonia and sulfate

Low organic carbon-to-nitrogen ratio and existing sulfate (SO₄²⁻) in industrial wastewater limited nitrogen removal. Coupling SO₄²⁻ reduction with sulfide autotrophic denitrification provides a novel strategy. Herein, bioelectrochemical sulfate reduction was coupled with heterotrophic sulfate reduction to drive sulfide autotrophic denitrification. In this coupled system, total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency was increased from ~25% to ~85% by inputting −45 mA electricity. With the help of supplying electrons to denitrification through SO₄²⁻ reduction, coulomb efficiency was improved to 61.5%. Also, bioelectrochemical sulfate reduction could improve sulfur recovery and thus increase TN removal efficiency. Furthermore, through tuning turnover numbers of SO₄²⁻, high TN removal efficiency can be obtained at various concentrations of SO₄²⁻. Moreover, main functional bacteria in this system were identified. Finally, ~75% TN removal efficiency was achieved with real wastewater in this system. Overall, this work offered a new approach for efficient nitrogen removal from industrial wastewater containing SO₄²⁻.     

Electrically conductive and thermally stable SiC-TiC containing nanocomposites via flash pyrolysis

Flash pyrolysis, which combines conventional pyrolysis with flash sintering, was first conducted to produce polymer derived SiC-TiC nanocomposites. Pre-pyrolysis at 800℃ allows the conversion from titanium isopropoxide (TTIP) modified polysiloxane to an amorphous SiTiOC ceramic. The subsequent application of an electric field gives rise to the formation of turbostratic carbon and creates Joule heating to obtain a sample internal temperature of ~1400℃. The precipitation of β-SiC, TiC, as well as titanium oxides is realized upon carbothermal reduction of extensively phase separated SiO₂ and TiO₂ with carbon. Increasing TTIP content embodies the nanocomposites with prominent electrical percolation behaviors. The electrical transport of the synthesized ceramics follows an amorphous semiconductor mechanism. High thermal stability in air is guaranteed, thanks to the in-situ formed TiC nanocrystals and preferentially reduced amorphous carbon. Flash pyrolyzed nanocomposite with a Ti:Si molar ratio of 0.20 exhibits the highest electrical conductivity (0.696 S/cm) and minimum mass change (~2%) at 1000℃, serving as a competitive candidate for electro-discharge machining (EDM) applications or self-standing conducting devices that must withstand high temperature conditions.     

Competitive Cr3+ occupation in persistent phosphors toward tunable traps distribution for dynamic anti-counterfeiting

Red/near infrared (NIR) long persistent phosphors have received extensive attentions in biomedical, food inspection, iris recognition, biological imaging, etc. Herein, a new phosphor, Li₂ZnGe₃O₈:Cr³⁺, is reported with deep red persistent luminescence peaking at 708 nm. By adjusting the Cr³⁺ doping concentration, the competitive site occupation at [ZnO6] and [GeO6] polyhedral enables different traps behaviors including trap types, trap concentration and trap depth, which in turn leads to different afterglow duration time from 2 to 20 h. The persistent luminescence mechanisms originated from different trap models have been discussed, and it is found that they can cooperate or inhibit each other, enabling different luminescence depending on time. The dynamic anti-counterfeiting applications have been demonstrated, which provides a new way to rationally designing for multi-functional luminescent materials.