Neurotoxicity of Chronic Co-Exposure of Lead and Ionic Liquid in Common Carp: Synergistic or Antagonistic?

Previous studies have indicated that the harmful heavy metal lead (Pb) contamination in aquatic systems has caused intelligence development disorders and nervous system function abnormalities in juveniles due to the increased permeability of the blood–brain barrier. Ionic liquids (ILs) are considered “green” organic solvents that can replace traditional organic solvents. Studies have found the presence of ILs in soil and water due to chemical applications or unintentional leakage. Therefore, what would happen if Pb interacted with ILs in a body of water? Could ILs enable Pb to more easily cross the blood–brain barrier? Therefore, we examined the combined exposure of Pb and ILs in common carp at low concentration (18.3 mg L⁻¹ of Pb(CH₃COO)₂•3 H₂O and 11 mg L⁻¹ of the IL 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium chloride, 5% of their LC₅₀) for 28 days in the present study. The result of a neurobehavioral assay showed that chronic exposure of lead at lower concentrations significantly altered fish movement and neurobehaviors, indicating that lead exposure caused neurotoxicity in the carp. Increases in the neurotransmitter dopamine levels and injuries in the fish brain accounted for neurobehavioral abnormalities induced by lead exposure. Moreover, we also found that lead could easily cross the blood–brain barrier and caused significant bioaccumulation in the brain. Particularly, our study indicated that the ionic liquid could not synergistically promote blood–brain barrier permeability and hence failed to increase the absorption of lead in the fish brain, suggesting that the combined exposure of lead and ILs was not a synergistic effect but antagonism to the neurotoxicity. The results of this study suggested that ILs could recede the Pb induced neurotoxicity in fish.     

A Multifunctional and Fast-Response Lysosome-Targetable Fluorescent Probe for Monitoring pH and Isoxaflutole

A new chemosensor, namely N-(2-morpholinoethyl)acetamide-4-morpholine-1,8-naphthimide (MMN), was designed and synthesized through an amidation reaction. MMN was fabricated as a multifunctional fluorescent probe for monitoring pH and isoxaflutole. MMN exhibited excellent stability in MeCN/H₂O (v/v, 9/1), with an obvious “off–on” fluorescence response toward pH changes due to intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), where the linear response ranges of MMN in the weakly acidic system were from 4.2 to 5.0 and from 5.0 to 6.0 with apparent pK_a = 4.62 ± 0.02 and 5.43 ± 0.02. Based on morpholine as the lysosome targetable unit, MMN could selectively locate lysosomes in live cells. MMN also successfully detected the presence of H⁺ in test papers. Finally, MMN could specifically recognize isoxaflutole at a detection limit of 0.88 μM. A possible sensing mechanism was identified based on density function theory calculations. These results indicate that MMN could be a superior potential chemosensor for detecting pH and isoxaflutole selectively and sensitively and could be used in real sample detection.     

长江大保护下补短板工程的生态治理理念

在长江大保护框架下,针对目前补短板工程治理现状提出河道治理需要融入生态治理理念,可通过建立重要河段水生态保护模拟器,模拟河道系统的污染物、植被措施、水雨情等的变化,既能反映整条河道水生态环境、水量、污染物消纳状况,又能对局部河道的水生态特征进行诊断分析,以便对局部水体的管治提出合理有效的对策,避免局部河段的超标引发整条河道的水生态及水环境恶化。     

不烧Al-Si复合低碳Al2O3-β-SiAlON材料的抗氧化性能

采用大试样高温热重分析仪研究了不烧Al-Si复合低碳Al2O3-β-SiAlON材料(MAC-F)的抗氧化性,并与Al-Si复合不烧铝碳滑板材料(MAC-S)进行了比较。结果表明(1)两种材料在250~1100℃氧化时的质量变化规律相似,在500℃以前均处于质量损失状态;从500℃开始试样处于质量增加状态,500~1100℃之间两种材料质量变化率的增加量差别不大;1100℃以上材料MAC-S的质量变化率的增加量明显提高,而材料MAC-F质量变化率的增加量稍有降低。(2)1500℃氧化后,材料MAC-F质量增加率明显低于材料MAC-S的,氧化层很薄,厚度仅0.5mm。材料MAC-F的氧化层中有较多的短柱状莫来石晶体,均匀地分布在刚玉骨架结构的空隙中,形成致密的结构,对氧气进入材料的内部起到了阻碍作用。其氧化层表面覆盖着一层由莫来石和少量玻璃相组成的光滑薄膜,更有效阻碍了氧气向内部的渗透。因此,材料MAC-F与材料MAC-S相比,抗氧化性能更为优异。     

基于WSR视角的PPP项目政府信用评价指标体系构建研究

政府和社会资本合作(PPP)模式在我国基础设施、公共事业等领域得到广泛应用.基于WSR系统方法论,从物理、事理、人理视角出发,利用层次分析法(AHP)和决策与实验室法(DEMATEL)设计、构建一套PPP项目政府信用评价指标体系.研究表明,PPP项目政府信用评价指标体系由物理、事理、人理三大部分组成,共计13个指标,其...     

Nanoscale Calculation of Proton-Induced DNA Damage Using a Chromatin Geometry Model with Geant4-DNA

Monte Carlo simulations can quantify various types of DNA damage to evaluate the biological effects of ionizing radiation at the nanometer scale. This work presents a study simulating the DNA target response after proton irradiation. A chromatin fiber model and new physics constructors with the ELastic Scattering of Electrons and Positrons by neutral Atoms (ELSEPA) model were used to describe the DNA geometry and the physical stage of water radiolysis with the Geant4-DNA toolkit, respectively. Three key parameters (the energy threshold model for strand breaks, the physics model and the maximum distance to distinguish DSB clusters) of scoring DNA damage were studied to investigate the impact on the uncertainties of DNA damage. On the basis of comparison of our results with experimental data and published findings, we were able to accurately predict the yield of various types of DNA damage. Our results indicated that the difference in physics constructor can cause up to 56.4% in the DNA double-strand break (DSB) yields. The DSB yields were quite sensitive to the energy threshold for strand breaks (SB) and the maximum distance to classify the DSB clusters, which were even more than 100 times and four times than the default configurations, respectively.     

Generation and Identification of the Number of Copies of Exogenous Genes and the T-DNA Insertion Site in SCN-Resistance Transformation Event ZHs1-2

Soybean cyst nematode (SCN, Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) causes an estimated economic loss of about USD 3 billion each year in soybean (Glycine max L.) production worldwide. Overexpression of resistance genes against SCN provides a powerful approach to develop SCN resistance cultivars in soybean. The clarification of molecular characterization in transformation events is a prerequisite for ecological risk assessment, food safety, and commercial release of genetically modified crops. Here, we generated transgenic events harboring the BCN (beet cyst nematode) resistance Hs1^pro−1 gene using the Agrobacterium-mediated method in soybean, evaluated their resistance to SCN infection, and clarified the molecular characterization of one of the transformation events. Five independent and stable inheritable transformation events were generated by an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method. SCN resistance tests showed the average number of developed females per plant and female index (FI) in T4 ZHs1-1, ZHs1-2, ZHs1-3, ZHs1-4, and ZHs1-5 transformation events were significantly lower than that in the nontransgenic control. Among these, the ZHs1-2 transformation event had the lowest number of developed females per plant and FI. Southern hybridization showed the exogenous target Hs1^pro−1 gene was inserted in one copy and the Bar gene was inserted two copies in the ZHs1-2 transformation event. The exogenous T-DNA fragment was integrated in the reverse position of Chr02: 5351566–5231578 (mainly the Bar gene expression cassette) and in the forward position of Chr03: 17083358–17083400 (intact T-DNA, including Hs1^pro−1 and Bar gene expression cassette) using a whole genome sequencing method (WGS). The results of WGS method and Southern hybridization were consistent. All the functional elements of exogenous T-DNA fragments were verified by PCR using specific primer pairs in the T5 and T6 ZHs1-2 transformation events. These results demonstrated that the overexpression of Hs1^pro−1 gene enhanced SCN resistance, and provide an important reference for the biosafety assessment and the labeling detection in transformation event ZHs1-2.     

发火控制电路中微执行器

本文针对引信发火控制电路中微执行器输出力矩弱的特点,利用微沟道和凝胶纤维把化学能转化成机械能形变技术,设计了一种新型MEMS微执行器.这种微执行器是通过静电力克服机械弹性力使极板产生相对运动,控制发火控制电路的导通;利用凝胶纤维的收缩力解除引信发火控制电路保险从而达到开启和关闭的目的.文中对所设计的结构进行ANSYS仿真,验证它的可行性并优化了结构参数.这种新型微执行器最大的特点是功耗小,输出功率大,具有很高的机械效率.     

Al2TiO5-SiO2-Al2O3复合材料的研究

以Al2TiO5微细粉、SiO2-Al2O3微细粉为原料,外加6%(质量分数,下同)PVA结合剂,100 MPa压力成型,1400 ℃保温1 h烧成,制备出低热膨胀系数,抗热震性能优于SiO2-Al2O3材料的Al2TiO5-SiO2-Al2O3复合材料.对复合材料的性能测定分析,研究不同的Al2TiO5含量、烧结温度等对Al2TiO5-SiO2-Al2O3复合材料性能的影响,获得了制备性能优良的Al2TiO5-SiO2-Al2O3复合材料的最佳工艺参数.