基于LabWindows/CVI的一种仪器控制的实现方法

本文研究了一种基于LabWindows/CVI环境下一种仪器控制的方法,利用开发环境自带的RS-232串口函数库,同时根据仪器的命令集格式编写相应的仪器控制程序,完成对仪器的控制.采用该方法实现的仪器控制技术摆脱了对仪器自带控制软件的依赖,具有较强的通用性和灵活性,更适合于不同场合的实际应用.     

Flexible High-Performance and Solution-Processed Organic Photovoltaics with Robust Mechanical Stability

Among the various advantages of organic photovoltaics (OPVs), the key one is their ability to be a highly flexible renewable energy source. However, the power conversion efficiencies for flexible OPV devices still lag behind those of their rigid counterparts, and their mechanical stability cannot meet the requirements for practical applications at present. These, in particular, depend on flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs). Here, a high-quality FTE (called FlexAgNE), with the simultaneously combined excellent characteristics, has been tested with a series of efficient active materials for flexible OPV devices, and high performance comparable with rigid counterparts has been achieved. In addition, due to the synergistic effect of FlexAgNE and the upper ZnO transport layer, including strong binding between the polyethylene terephthalate substrate and a hydrophilic polyelectrolyte (the key component of FlexAgNE), together with the capillary force effect of crossed silver nanowires and tight filling of ZnO, the flexible devices demonstrate robust mechanical stability even under extreme bending or folding conditions.     

轻小型推扫视频一体化相机设计与验证

介绍了一种轻小型推扫视频一体化微纳遥感相机的综合优化设计思路。系统设计时综合考虑星地一体化处理,采用大F数RC系统降低产品光机体积重量;电子学采用商用货架产品加固技术实现高性能同时降低成本,星上数据处理采用数字TDI技术实现面阵相机推扫视频一体化成像,大幅提升成像效能。采用该方法设计的微纳遥感相机具备视频、推扫、条带等多种工作模式,满足不同应用场景需求。该技术在欧比特视频相机等微纳遥感载荷的设计及研制中进行了应用,在轨获取了高品质的视频及遥感图像,在商业遥感载荷市场具有广阔的应用前景。     

Carbonyl‐β‐Cyclodextrin as a Novel Binder for Sulfur Composite Cathodes in Rechargeable Lithium Batteries

As one of the essential components in electrodes, the binder affects the performance of a rechargeable battery. By modifying β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD), an appropriate binder for sulfur composite cathodes is identified. Through a partial oxidation reaction in H₂O₂ solution, β‐CD is successfully modified to carbonyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (C‐β‐CD), which exhibits a water solubility ca. 100 times that of β‐CD at room temperature. C‐β‐CD possesses the typical properties of an aqueous binder: strong bonding strength, high solubility in water, moderate viscosity, and wide electrochemical windows. Sulfur composite cathodes with C‐β‐CD as the binder demonstrate a high reversible capacity of 694.2 mA h g_(composite)^?1 and 1542.7 mA h g_(sulfur)^?1, with a sulfur utilization approaching 92.2%. The discharge capacity remains at 1456 mA h g_(sulfur)^?1 after 50 cycles, which is much higher than that of the cathode with unmodified β‐CD as binder. Combined with its low cost and environmental benignity, C‐β‐CD is a promising binder for sulfur cathodes in rechargeable lithium batteries with high electrochemical performance.     

基于DSP的电网谐波实时检测算法的改进和实现

以DSP芯片TMS320C5402为核心,设计并实现了实时谐波检测硬件系统。针对电网频率振荡导致的同步采样误差,文中对A/D转换后的数据进行二次软同步采样,在此基础之上进行加窗插值FFT分析以提高谐波检测的精度。实验数据表明该系统测量误差在0.5%以内,可满足工业测量要求。     

嵩山遥感定标场靶标反射率的自动测量方法

利用自主研制的地表反射自动监测光谱仪(ARMS)和可见-短波红外光谱辐照度计(HIM),实现了嵩山遥感定标场内三种灰阶靶标反射率的自动测量,并与使用ASD便携式光谱仪人工测量的靶标反射率开展了比对。两种方法的比对结果表明：在400～1600 nm范围内,自动化测量与人工测量的反射率数据在非大气吸收波段的相对偏差优于±2%。进一步基于自动化设备的观测数据,分析了2019年10月至2020年11月场地内的靶标反射率。分析结果表明,受环境变化的影响,嵩山场内灰阶靶标的反射率也会发生变化,且反射率的变化趋势与波长范围及测量区域有关。在整个波段范围内,反射率的标准偏差在±2.5%以内。该工作的开展为基于嵩山遥感定标场的自动化、高频次在轨辐射定标提供了有力的技术支撑。     

一种高灵敏度制冷型科学级CCD相机的设计

介绍了一种高灵敏度制冷型科学级CCD相机的设计方法.相机利用FPGA芯片实现时序驱动、相机控制及传输数据;设计了相关双采样电路来降低相机的复位噪声;数据由以太网接口芯片W5300通过TCP/IP协议发送到图像采集软件显示和处理.相机采用半导体制冷器结合水冷的方法进行制冷.实验结果表明,在相机制冷到-20℃时,最低照度可达到0.005 Lx,具有灵敏度高的特点,能够满足弱光环境中的使用需求.     

化学镀镍金层可焊性的影响因素

我们将国内外报道化学镀镍金的部分最新研究成果,同我们实验室的实践相结合,对造成化学镀镍金可焊性差的多种因素作一简要介绍。本文总结了影响化学镀镍金可焊性的复杂因素如:前处理的影响、化学镀镍过程的影响、浸金的影响、浸金后水洗的影响、焊料的影响。     

钻井液用抗高温阳离子乳化沥青的研制与性能评价

针对冀东南堡中深层泥页岩地层微裂缝与层理发育、脆性强、易发生井壁失稳等问题,以阳离子乳化基质沥青、阳离子乳化特种沥青及耐高温弹性体乳液为原料,制备了一种抗高温阳离子乳化沥青封堵防塌剂。实验评价表明:抗高温阳离子乳化沥青能在井壁表面及裂缝内部吸附破乳,提升了泥饼质量,能使外泥饼光滑、致密,内泥饼有效封堵裂缝;与钻井液配伍性好,加量3%时,钻井液失水量减少47%,降滤失性较常用磺化沥青提高38%。抗高温阳离子乳化沥青可满足中深层高温、微米裂缝封堵需求。     

Polymer-derived ceramics for electrocatalytic energy conversion reactions

Polymer-derived ceramics (PDCs) are being actively explored in various fields today because of their unique physiochemical properties. Very recent advances in the use of PDCs in energy storage technologies (e.g., batteries, supercapacitors) have motivated researchers to explore the possibilities of PDCs as electrocatalysts for use in energy conversion reactions. Impressively, the tunable functional properties, especially the electrical properties, of PDCs have helped to break through this “bottleneck” and enabled them to become promising materials for use in electrocatalytic conversion. This review presents an in-time summary of the progress in the development of PDCs for electrochemical energy conversion. First, a general introduction to the preparation of PDCs is provided. Later, the factors (e.g., chemical stability, electron conductivity) most closely related to electrocatalytic performance are discussed. Specifically, the parameters that affect the electron conductivity of PDCs are enumerated to delve into advanced strategies for achieving effective electrocatalysts. The relevant electrocatalytic conversion reactions (e.g., hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, and oxygen reduction reaction) and utilization of PDCs in these reactions are also comprehensively introduced. Finally, the current challenges and future opportunities for PDC materials in the field of electrochemical energy conversion are summarized.