Application of hybrid image features for fast and non-invasive classification of raisin

A new approach for the non-invasive classification of raisins is presented based on the hybrid image features, namely morphological, color and texture features. A total of 74 features (8 morphological, 30 color, and 36 textural) were extracted from RBG images. Seven kinds of models were established based on different feature sets. They were three kinds of models established based on single feature set, three kinds of models established based on the combination of two feature sets, and one kind of model established based on the combination of all feature sets. Five kinds of classifiers, namely partial least squares (PLS), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA), and least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) with linear and radial basis function (RBF) kernels were used for the model establishment based on different feature sets. The best correct answer rates (CAR) of 99% was obtained when LDA was used to establish the classification model based on the combination of all feature sets, which was higher than those of the models established based on single feature set or the combination of two feature sets. The results show that the feature combination is helpful to improve the accuracy of raisin classification. It was concluded that the varieties of raisin could be accurately classified based on RGB image features and the combination of morphological, color and texture features was an accurate way to improve the accuracy of classification.     

新型表面活性剂柠檬酸单酯的溶液性能研究及其在凝胶油中的应用

凝胶油不仅在功能食品中得到广泛应用,而且在药物制剂、化妆品领域也有重要应用前景。本文通过直接酯化法合成了两种柠檬酸单酯,并对其作为凝胶因子性能进行了研究。利用表面张力仪、电导率仪以及动态光散射仪等方法对两种柠檬酸酯的溶液聚集行为和胶束形成热力学进行了分析。结果表明,25℃下,柠檬酸月桂醇单酯和柠檬酸异癸醇单酯的临界胶束浓度分别为3.30mmol/L和6.40 mmol/L。同时,研究了离子强度对胶束形成过程的影响,结果表明,无机盐不仅影响胶束聚集数,而且使得柠檬酸异癸醇单酯的胶束尺寸降低约100 nm,柠檬酸月桂醇单酯的胶束尺寸降低约200 nm。凝胶油性能研究结果表明,最低凝胶浓度为7%,溶胶-凝胶转变温度为45~53℃之间,两种柠檬酸酯均能与植物油形成凝胶。生物相容性研究结果表明,两种柠檬酸酯在浓度为200mg/L时对微生物生长没有显著影响,具有良好的生物相容性。     

利用有机凝胶因子提高花生酱稳定性的工艺研究

使用紫虫胶作为有机凝胶因子制备稳定型花生酱,并对其工艺条件进行优化。以析油率为指标,紫虫胶添加量、加热温度、加热时间和冷却温度为因素变量,进行响应面优化试验,得到了最优工艺条件,并进行了花生酱感官评鉴。结果表明,紫虫胶添加量为3.2%(w/w)、加热温度为90 ℃、加热时间为40 min、冷却温度为1 ℃时,制得的有机凝胶花生酱最稳定,此时析油率仅1.24%。在最优工艺条件下制备的有机凝胶花生酱与商品花生酱相比,析油率更低,感官品质更好。     

细菌纤维素合成菌株发酵条件的考察

菌株QAX0 2 1 9# 进行液态发酵可产生不溶性的凝胶膜 ,通过纤维素酶水解等实验确定其发酵产物为纤维素 ,同时研究了乙醇、溶氧含量、培养方式以及接种量对菌体合成纤维素的影响。结果为 :以 8%接种量 ,在发酵培养基中添加一定量的乙醇 ,可显著提高纤维素产量     

Pd/Ce0.6Zr0.4O2/Al2O3 as advanced materials for three-way catalysts: Part 1. Catalyst characterisation, thermal stability and catalytic activity in the reduction of NO by CO

Pd-loaded Ce_0.6Zr_0.4O₂ solid solutions supported on Al₂O₃ are investigated as catalysts for the reduction of NO by CO. The attention is focused on the role of the Ce_0.6Zr_0.4O₂ and of the Pd dispersion on the catalytic activity. The system shows a very high activity below 500 K, which is almost independent on the Pd dispersion. The high activity is attributed to a promoting effect of the Ce_0.6Zr_0.4O₂ on the NO conversion. Investigation of the influence of high temperature treatments disclosed a thermal stabilisation of both Ce_0.6Zr_0.4O₂ and Al₂O₃ in the Ce_0.6Zr_0.4O₂/Al₂O₃ system.     

The influence of nitrogen incorporation on the optical properties of anodic Ta2O5

Anodic oxides were grown on sputter-deposited Ta in different aqueous solutions. A photoelectrochemical investigation was performed in order to estimate the band gap of the films as a function of the anodizing bath composition and formation voltage, i.e. thickness. Photoelectrochemical results provided evidence of sub-band gap photocurrent for films formed in a bath containing ammonium ions at pH 9. Elemental depth profiles obtained by glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy revealed the presence of nitrogen species in the outer part of the anodic films, which is bonded to Ta according to XPS analysis. A mechanism of nitrogen incorporation is proposed in order to account for the pH dependence of film composition.     

APOB CRISPR-Cas9 Engineering in Hypobetalipoproteinemia: A Promising Tool for Functional Studies of Novel Variants

Hypobetalipoproteinemia is characterized by LDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein B (apoB) plasma levels below the fifth percentile for age and sex. Familial hypobetalipoproteinemia (FHBL) is mostly caused by premature termination codons in the APOB gene, a condition associated with fatty liver and steatohepatitis. Nevertheless, many families with a FHBL phenotype carry APOB missense variants of uncertain significance (VUS). We here aimed to develop a proof-of-principle experiment to assess the pathogenicity of VUS using the genome editing of human liver cells. We identified a novel heterozygous APOB-VUS (p.Leu351Arg), in a FHBL family. We generated APOB knock-out (KO) and APOB-p.Leu351Arg knock-in Huh7 cells using CRISPR-Cas9 technology and studied the APOB expression, synthesis and secretion by digital droplet PCR and ELISA quantification. The APOB expression was decreased by 70% in the heterozygous APOB-KO cells and almost abolished in the homozygous-KO cells, with a consistent decrease in apoB production and secretion. The APOB-p.Leu351Arg homozygous cells presented with a 40% decreased APOB expression and undetectable apoB levels in cellular extracts and supernatant. Thus, the p.Leu351Arg affected the apoB secretion, which led us to classify this new variant as likely pathogenic and to set up a hepatic follow-up in this family. Therefore, the functional assessment of APOB-missense variants, using gene-editing technologies, will lead to improvements in the molecular diagnosis of FHBL and the personalized follow-up of these patients.     

裂缝性油藏注水井压降试井解释方法及应用

为了更加准确地描述裂缝性油藏注水井的动态特征,得到更多关于地层和测试井的可靠信息,基于BuckleyLeverrett饱和度分布方程,建立了裂缝性油藏注水井压降试井解释模型,并对模型进行了数值求解,获得了裂缝性油藏注水井压降试井典型拟合图版。根据压降导数曲线特征,将流动过程划分为7个流动段:井筒储集效应阶段、表皮效应阶段、基质向裂缝窜流阶段、水区径向流阶段、油水两相区响应阶段、总系统径向流阶段和边界响应阶段。油、水黏度差异会导致双对数曲线上翘。建立的试井解释模型可计算注水前缘的位置,分析注水井周围地层信息及边界情况。研究结果对注水井的动态评价、注水方案的设计具有重要意义。     

湖北宜昌地区鄂阳页2井牛蹄塘组和陡山沱组页岩气随钻碳同位素特征及勘探意义

为了深入分析页岩气的甜点特征,针对鄂阳页2井所钻遇的牛蹄塘组和陡山沱组两套古老页岩层系,在井场随钻连续取样,并测量泥浆气碳同位素值以及岩屑罐顶气碳同位素随时间序列的变化特征。基于高密度连续碳同位素数据,结合气体组分、地层岩性、储层物性特征分析页岩气的成因及富集规律;基于岩屑释放气碳同位素分馏特征,结合页岩纳米孔隙发育程度分析页岩气地质甜点要素。研究结果显示：甲烷和乙烷倒转特征及湿度特征表明牛蹄塘组页岩可能具有较好的页岩气勘探潜力;泥浆气甲烷碳同位素值随地层垂深上的变化与生油窗时期液态烃类的残留有关,牛蹄塘组页岩底部同位素值偏轻揭示其液态烃类残留量大,资源潜力高;陡山沱组页岩气组分偏干、碳同位素值偏重的特征可能与其生烃母质以及生、排烃演化史有关;岩屑释放气同位素分馏特征与页岩纳米孔喉体系的发育程度有关,纳米孔喉体系发育程度作为页岩气甜点的判断指标应是一条可行的研究思路。这种基于现场的、连续的、动态的碳同位素分析方法为页岩气成因及富集规律分析、地质甜点区判识提供了更多有价值的参考。     

基于稀疏约束贝叶斯估计的相对波阻抗反演

地震道积分是一种利用地震资料进行的无约束反演技术,可以方便地得到地层的相对波阻抗,但采用稀疏反演的反射系数递推反演相对波阻抗,横向连续性差、可用性低。给出了一种基于稀疏约束贝叶斯估计的地震相对波阻抗反演算法,即在反射系数Cauchy概率分布稀疏约束下,基于贝叶斯最大后验概率估计,采用预条件共轭梯度法估计地震子波和反射系数,从而得到高分辨率的反褶积结果,进而得到高分辨率的相对波阻抗剖面。利用理论模型和实际数据对算法进行了验证,结果表明:基于稀疏约束贝叶斯估计的相对波阻抗反演方法可行;与直接法稀疏反演相比,预条件共轭梯度法稀疏反演精度高、收敛快、数值计算稳定。