Completeness for Symmetric Two-Party Functionalities: Revisited

Understanding the minimal assumptions required for carrying out cryptographic tasks is one of the fundamental goals of theoretic cryptography. A rich body of work has been dedicated to understanding the complexity of cryptographic tasks in the context of (semi-honest) secure two-party computation. Much of this work has focused on the characterization of trivial and complete functionalities (resp., functionalities that can be securely implemented unconditionally, and functionalities that can be used to securely compute all functionalities). Most previous works define reductions via an ideal implementation of the functionality; i.e., f reduces to g if one can implement f using a black-box (or oracle) that computes the function g and returns the output to both parties. Such a reduction models the computation of f as an atomic operation. However, in the real world, protocols proceed in rounds, and the output is not learned by the parties simultaneously. In this paper, we show that this distinction is significant. Specifically, we show that there exist symmetric functionalities (where both parties receive the same outcome) that are neither trivial nor complete under “black-box reductions,” and yet the existence of a constant-round protocol for securely computing such a functionality implies infinitely often oblivious transfer (meaning that it is secure for infinitely many values of the security parameter). In light of the above, we propose an alternative definitional infrastructure for studying the triviality and completeness of functionalities.     

Numerical simulation of backdraft phenomena

This paper reports preliminary computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of backdraft observed in an experimental rig at Lund University. The analysis was performed with the CFX software using the Detached Eddy Simulation (DES) turbulence model, a hybrid of Large Eddy Simulation (LES) and RANS, in combination with the EDM combustion model. The DES model uses a RANS formulation in wall proximity to avoid computationally expensive grid resolution that is necessary for realistic LES predictions in wall layers.     

Fast Cut-and-Choose-Based Protocols for Malicious and Covert Adversaries

In the setting of secure two-party computation, two parties wish to securely compute a joint function of their private inputs, while revealing only the output. One of the primary techniques for achieving efficient secure two-party computation is that of Yao’s garbled circuits (FOCS 1986). In the semi-honest model, where just one garbled circuit is constructed and evaluated, Yao’s protocol has proven itself to be very efficient. However, a malicious adversary who constructs the garbled circuit may construct a garbling of a different circuit computing a different function, and this cannot be detected (due to the garbling). In order to solve this problem, many circuits are sent and some of them are opened to check that they are correct while the others are evaluated. This methodology, called cut-and-choose, introduces significant overhead, both in computation and in communication, and is mainly due to the number of circuits that must be used in order to prevent cheating. In this paper, we present a cut-and-choose protocol for secure computation based on garbled circuits, with security in the presence of malicious adversaries, that vastly improves on all previous protocols of this type. Concretely, for a cheating probability of at most \(2^{-40}\), the best previous works send between 125 and 128 circuits. In contrast, in our protocol 40 circuits alone suffice (with some additional overhead). Asymptotically, we achieve a cheating probability of \(2^{-s}\) where \(s\) is the number of garbled circuits, in contrast to the previous best of \(2^{-0.32s}\). We achieve this by introducing a new cut-and-choose methodology with the property that in order to cheat, all of the evaluated circuits must be incorrect, and not just the majority as in previous works. The security of our protocol relies on the decisional Diffie–Hellman assumption.     

Shaped Charge Jet Tail Velocity

The impact of a shaped charge jet, created by a stationary charge onto a moving target, creates an elongated cut on the target face. The length of the cut, together with additional data about the charge and target configuration, enables the calculation of the jet tail velocity. It was found that this velocity increases with the stand-off distance between the charge and the target. A possible cause for this acceleration is that the jet material is under tension due to the velocity gradient along it and the stress throughout it equals the dynamic flow stress of the material. This stress pulls on the jet material towards the center of gravity and tends to reduce the velocity gradient, i.e. decelerate the tip and accelerate the tail. 1D simulations show that this mechanism results in a constant acceleration of the tail, and that the acceleration depends on the flow stress of the jet material, hence on its temperature. Based on the experimental evidence and on the simulations, it is postulated that in addition to the velocity gradient along the jet, there are temperature and strength gradients along it, as well.     

Silver nanoparticles deposited on porous silicon as a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) active substrate

Silver nanoparticles were deposited spontaneously from their aqueous solution on a porous silicon (PS) layer. The PS acts both as a reducing agent and as the substrate on which the nanoparticles nucleate. At higher silver ion concentrations, layers of nanoparticle aggregates were formed on the PS surface. The morphology of the metallic layers and their SERS activity were influenced by the concentrations of the silver ion solutions used for deposition. Raman measurements of rhodamine 6G (R6G) and crystal violet (CV) adsorbed on these surfaces showed remarkable enhancement of up to about 10 orders of magnitude.     

转炉余热回收蒸汽用于真空精炼的实践

介绍了安阳钢铁有限公司RH及VD真空精炼工程中利用转炉余热回收蒸汽保障真空精炼装置用汽的工程实例.将转炉汽化冷却系统蒸汽用于真空精炼装置,实现能源的梯级利用,节能降耗,提高了经济效益.     

大掺量非金属矿渣混凝土的力学行为试验研究

以钢渣替代普通碎石作粗骨料、磨细钢渣粉替代水泥作胶凝材料,制备大掺量钢渣双掺混凝土,对其稳定性、工作性及力学性能进行试验研究,并采用扫描电镜、能谱仪对其微观结构、成分进行测试。试验表明:以钢渣骨料稳定性为替代掺量的选择依据,可通过掺入钢渣粉,实现大掺量钢渣对混凝土力学性能改善的目的。     

Raman and infrared fingerprint spectroscopy of peroxide-based explosives

A comparative study of the vibrational spectroscopy of peroxide-based explosives is presented. Triacetone triperoxide (TATP) and hexamethyl-enetriperoxide-diamine (HMTD), now commonly used by terrorists, are examined as well as other peroxide-ring structures: DADP (diacetone diperoxide); TPTP [3,3,6,6,9,9-Hexaethyl-1,2,4,5,7,8-hexaoxo-nonane (tripentanone triperoxide)]; DCypDp {6,7,13,14-Tetraoxadispiro [4.2.4.2]tetradecane (dicyclopentanone diperoxide)}; TCypDp {6,7,15,16,22,23-Hexaoxatrispiro[4.2.4.2.4.2] henicosane (tricyclopentanone triperoxide)}; DCyhDp {7,8,15,16-tetraoxadispiro [5.2.5.2] hexadecane (dicyclohexanone diperoxide)}; and TCyhTp {7,8,14,15,21,22-hexaoxatrispiro [5.2.5.2.5.2] tetracosane (tricyclohexanone triperoxide)}. Both Raman and infrared (IR) spectra were measured and compared to theoretical calculations. The calculated spectra were obtained by calculation of the harmonic frequencies of the studied compounds, at the density functional theory (DFT) B3LYP/cc-pVDZ level of theory, and by the use of scaling factors. It is found that the vibrational features related to the peroxide bonds are strongly mixed. As a result, the spectrum is congested and highly sensitive to minor changes in the molecule.