染料敏化纳米晶MgO/TiO2薄膜太阳能电池

染料敏化TiO2薄膜太阳能电池被认为是硅基太阳能电池的潜在替代产品,但其光电转化效率较低.为了提高光电转化效率,采用物理吸附的方法,利用宽禁带半导体MgO对TiO2光阳极进行表面修饰.研究表明:大部分MgO进入到TiO2的表面结构中,复合薄膜形成的表面势垒改变了TiO2的禁带结构,有效的抑制了电池内部复合反应的进行,使电池的光电转化效率提高.MgO与TiO2之间的界面效应,增加了光在薄膜内的传输路径,使电池吸光度、染料吸附量增加.其中光电转化效率同未经修饰的染料敏化TiO2薄膜太阳能电池相比,提高了24.5%.     

中性蛋白酶水解豌豆蛋白水解条件的优化及水解产物乳化性的研究

以生产淀粉的副产物豌豆蛋白粉为原料,研究了中性蛋白酶酶解条件对豌豆蛋白乳化性的影响.首先通过单因素试验研究了加酶量、反应时间、底物浓度、反应温度、pH值对豌豆蛋白乳化活性和乳化稳定性的影响;在单因素试验的基础上设计响应面试验,研究各因素及其交互作用对豌豆蛋白乳化性的影响,优化出的最佳酶解条件为:加酶量0.13％、反应时间32.5 min、pH8.0、反应温度52.8℃,此时豌豆蛋白的乳化活性为35.82 m2/g,乳化稳定性为45.88 min,比改性前豌豆蛋白的乳化性有了明显提高.     

复合地基综合处理的原理探讨

探讨了深层搅拌或粉喷桩与砂石或石灰桩共同处理软弱土地基的技术，给出了综合处理的计算表达式和实际算例．在实用中，可起到提高承载力和抗液化能力以及应用灵活的作用     

气体有效扩散系数的分形模型

多孔介质中杂乱无序的孔分布结构特性显示了多孔介质具有孔分形结构。气体扩散在孔道中的分形模型是建立在分形理论和气体扩散特点的基础上。在考虑孔的大小分布、连通性分布和2种气体扩散机理的影响下,推导出了气体有效扩散系数和结构参数的关系。从参数分析中,可以得出有效扩散系数与孔的面积分形维数、孔隙率、联通数、气体自由扩散路径、孔最大最小直径比值成正比,与孔道迂曲度、迂曲分形维数成反比。通过实验数据与模型预测值对比验证了分形模型的正确性。     

LSC-500螯合树脂脱除钙离子的工艺研究

通过比较LSC-500、D152、D401、D418、001×7、001×14.5型6种离子交换树脂对钙离子的吸附效果,得出LSC-500螯合树脂对钙离子的吸附量最高,故选用LSC-500螯合树脂对富钾液中的钙离子进行静态吸附实验。实验结果表明：在25 ℃条件下,LSC-500树脂对钙离子的静态饱和吸附量为23.42 mg/g;实验得出的最佳吸附条件是反应时间为180 min、反应温度为65 ℃,在此条件下树脂对钙离子的脱除率达到92.86%。通过动力学实验,得出了树脂吸附钙离子的动力学曲线,并用液膜扩散模型和颗粒扩散模型对吸附动力学数据进行了拟合。动力学实验表明：温度升高有利于吸附过程的进行;液膜扩散是LSC-500树脂吸附钙离子的主要速控步骤。     

乙基香兰素工业装置转盘萃取塔的设计

在国内首套采用乙醛酸为原料制乙基香兰素的设计中 ,将香兰素萃取塔由原静态萃取方式改为动态萃取方式的转盘萃取塔 ,着重介绍转盘萃取塔设计计算过程。经实践证实 ,该塔运行状态和萃取效果良好。     

油田含油污水过滤器滤料原位清洗再生

通过分析发现滤料污染物主要成分为原油、硫化物等。针对污染物成分研制了有效的滤料再生剂,很好地解决了致密的混合污染物层难以清除的问题。研制了加药装置,确定了滤料原位再生工艺,现场应用取得了良好的效果。     

Flow Regime Maps for Flow of Liquid Through Downcomer in a Turbulent Bed Contactor

The provision of a downcomer to classical turbulent bed Contactor (TBC) increases the gas treating capacity of the equipment. When the downcomer is provided, it is expected that all the liquid passes through the downcomer only without any liquid flow through the distributor. In the present study, the operational regime for the flow of liquid only through the downcomer is experimentally evaluated for various geometric parameters and particle characteristics. It is observed that the preferred operational regime without dumping and weeping increases with an increase in Archimedes number and downcomer diameter, and decreases with an increase in static bed height and downcomer weir height. Correlations are proposed to satisfactorily predict experimentally observed operational regime.     

Kinetic mechanism studies on reactions of mercury and oxidizing species in coal combustion

The emission of mercury by coal-fired power plants has become a recent concern on the part of the electric utility industry. Knowledge of mercury kinetic mechanisms is imperative for the research of predicting mercury transformation and finding its effective control methods in coal combustion flue gas. Near the end of the flue gas path, mercury exists as a combination of elemental vapor and HgCl₂ vapor. HgCl₂ is more likely to be removed from the flue gas. Thus, the degree of oxidation is considered to be a critical factor that tends to reduce emission. In the present work, the microcosmic kinetic mechanisms of reactions between mercury and oxidizing species were investigated by ab initio calculations of quantum chemistry. The geometry optimizations of reactants, transition states, intermediates and products were made by the quantum chemistry MP2 method at SDD basis function level. All molecule energies were calculated at QCISD(T)/SDD level and corrected with zero point energy. The activation energies and heat of reactions were calculated. The reaction rate constants were calculated from transition state theory (TST). The performance of the ab initio calculations of quantum chemistry was assessed through comparisons with the literature data. The comparisons showed that the ab initio calculations of quantum chemistry were in agreement with the literature data. The results showed that quantum chemistry was an effective means for investigating kinetic mechanism of mercury interaction with combustion-generated flue gas.     

Desulfurization of digester gas: prediction of activated carbon bed performance at low concentrations of hydrogen sulfide

Three chemically modified/impregnated activated carbons (supplied by manufactures) were used for adsorption–catalytic removal of hydrogen sulfide from digester gas. The performance of samples was studied in dynamic conditions at 1000, 2000 and 5000 ppm of H₂S in digester gas. The results showed differences in the H₂S removal capacities related to the type of carbon and conditions of the experiment. A decrease in H₂S concentration resulted in an increase in a breakthrough capacity, which is linked to slow kinetics of oxidation process. No significant changes were observed when the oxygen content increased from 1 to 2% and the temperature from 38 to 60 °C. On the surface of carbons studied hydrogen sulfide was oxidized predominantly to sulfur, which was deposited in micropores, either on the walls or at the pore entrances. The capacities at low concentrations, 50 and 100 ppm, of H₂S were determined using an approach based on known theoretical solution of a dynamic model where the parameters of the model were determined from the experimental data at a high concentration of an adsorbate.