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81.
Shufang Wang Yuanhui Ma Yanji Wang Wei Xue Xinqiang Zhao 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2008,83(11):1466-1471
BACKGROUND: A single‐step conversion of nitrobenzene (NB) to p‐aminophenol (PAP) through catalytic hydrogenation is a widely used synthesis route for PAP. The main shortcoming of this route is the use of sulfuric acid for rearrangement of the phenylhydroxylamine (PHA) intermediate. In this paper, S2O82?/ZrO2 (PSZ) solid acid and Pt‐S2O82?/ZrO2 (Pt‐PSZ) bifunctional catalysts were prepared for the synthesis of PAP in non‐acid medium. RESULTS: Calcination temperature has a substantial effect on the acidity, structure and activity for PHA rearrangement of PSZ. The highest PAP yield was 33.8% over PSZ calcined at 823 K when the reaction was carried out in water at 423 K. A high PAP yield of 23.9% was achieved by a single‐step reaction of nitrobenzene over Pt‐PSZ bifunctional catalysts. CONCLUSION: PSZ solid acid exhibits high activity for PHA rearrangement. Perfect tetragonal ZrO2 and much stronger acid sites play important roles in catalytic activity. Inhibiting the hydrogenation activity by reducing the amount of Pt loading on Pt‐PSZ can improve the competition of PHA rearrangement on acid sites with hydrogenation of PHA on metal active sites, resulting in better selectivity to PAP. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
82.
我国企业品牌弱势原因分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
我国是一个制造业大国但同时又是一个品牌弱国。我国企业由于缺少品牌优势,产品出口乃至整个国民经济都受到严重影响。我国企业缺少强势品牌的原因在于:缺乏品牌经营的环境和意识;品牌管理手段落后,缺乏战略性的品牌管理与规划;品牌价值观定位不准确,缺乏以品牌核心价值为中心的品牌识别;缺乏品牌战略管理组织与管理人才以及品牌的定期检查制度和危机处理机制。要改变这种状况,必须尽快更新观念,强化品牌基础工作,尤其是注重品牌组织管理体系的建设和专业人才的培养与引进,充分借鉴国外成功经验并结合实际不断创新。只有这样,才能提高本土品牌的影响力,逐步缩小与国外著名品牌的差距。 相似文献
83.
The measurement of absorbed doses is fundamental to radiation biology and oncology. A customized parallel plate radiation sensor was designed and fabricated as a precursor to investigating novel materials, such as carbon nanotubes, as a substitute for conventional metallic conducting plates or active volume medium. This sensor contains two thick and large-area electrodes that provide the sensor with a good signal-to-noise ratio. The 6 MV and 15 MV photon beams produced by a Varian Clinac 21 EX medical linear accelerator were used in the experiments. The linear accelerator was calibrated such that 1 monitor unit (MU) produces 1 cGy of dose in water with depth of 5 cm for a calibration geometry of source-to-axis distance equal to 100 cm and 10times10 cm2 field size at the point of measurement. Ionization measurements were performed by varying the bias voltages, electrode separations, exposures, and angles of the incident beam to characterize the sensor. Signal saturation characteristics of the sensor with different electrode separations and exposures were investigated. This sensor displayed excellent linear response to exposure up to 600 MU. An analytical modeling using the pencil beam model and simulations based on device configuration were given to explain the results. In oblique incident beam experiments, the prototype sensor showed an accurate response compared to simulation results for a small field size of 1times1 cm2. The sensor was tested to be suitable in the study of ionization collection efficiencies for different materials 相似文献
84.
小麦胚的营养价值及应用开发 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
小麦胚是小麦籽粒的精华,本文论述了小麦胚蛋白和小麦胚芽油的营养价值、制取及其开发利用,并分析了小麦胚资源开发利用存在的问题及其途径。 相似文献
85.
Han‐Lang Wu Chen‐Chi M. Ma Chun‐Chieh Lin Yie‐Chan Chiu Chih‐Yuan Chen Chin‐Lung Chiang 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2008,107(5):3236-3243
Poly(arylene ether benzonitrile) (PAEBN) was synthesized with 2,6‐dichlorobenzonitrile and biphenol. PAEBNs with various molecular weights (MWs), 1,640,000 and 185,000 g/mol, were synthesized by control of the stoichiometry of the monomers and were blended with sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK). The effects of MW on the water uptake, swelling, methanol permeability, and proton conductivity of the SPEEK/PAEBN blend membranes were investigated. The molecular mobility of the SPEEK/PAEBN blends was also examined in this study. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008 相似文献
86.
87.
Chun Lin Ma Qing Feng Wang Rufen Zhang Jikun Li 《Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials》2008,18(2):229-235
Six triorganotin(IV) complexes of the type {(R3Sn)2[C3S3(COO)2]}n (R = C6H5 1; n-Bu 2; PhCH2 4; p-F-PhCH2 5; o-F-PhCH2 6) and {(R3Sn)2[C3S3(COO)2]}n·[EtOH] (R = Me 3) have been synthesized by the reaction of bis(carboxymethyl)trithiocarbonate with triorganotin(IV) chloride
in the presence of sodium ethoxide. All complexes were characterized by elemental analysis IR, 1H, 13C and 119Sn NMR spectroscopy. Except for 4–6, all complexes were also characterized by X-ray crystallography. The X-ray date revealed
that complexes 1–3 show two-dimensional network polymeric structure in which the geometries of tin atoms are trigonal bipyramid
with the axial positions occupied by carboxylic oxygen atoms. 相似文献
88.
Cubic boron nitride (c-BN) crystals were synthesized in conditions of high temperature and high pressure (HTHP) when different kinds of bonded water were respectively added into the system of h-BN–Mg. All bonded water used in this work could reduce the temperature of growing c-BN compared to that in the system of h-BN–Mg. The c-BN color could change from black to yellow when certain amounts of bonded water, such as NiSO4·6H2O and CuSO4·5H2O, Mg(OH)2, were added. However, c-BN color remained black no matter how much bonded water, such as NiCl2·6H2O, CuCl2·2H2O, and SnCl2·2H2O, was added. The bonded water can be classified into Chlorine-containing bonded water (Cl-BW) and Chlorine-free bonded water (ClF-BW) according to their different characters and effects on the synthesized c-BN color. 相似文献
89.
90.
无氢类金刚石碳膜的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍了无氢类金刚石碳膜的制备方法 ,它们的机械、光学、电学性能 ,将无氢与含氢的类金刚石碳膜进行了简单比较 ,总结及探讨了它们的应用 相似文献