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81.
Mikio Fukuhara Yoshiyuki Kuwano Kiyoshi Saito Taiji Hirasawa Ichiro Komura 《NDT & E International》1998,31(3):211-216
The degree of fatigue in ferritic wrought steel during cyclic bending was determined by analysis of diffracted SH ultrasonic waves with the aid of multiple regression analysis. As the degree of fatigue increases, accompanied by residual stress, the incident waves curve to the interior region with positive stress field owing to the acoustoelastic effect. As a result, the propagation time of the launched waves lengthens, leading to a modulation of the received waveform. Multiple regression analysis for the waveform modulation produces a reliable estimation, with correlation coefficient of 0.948, for the degree of fatigue. 相似文献
82.
Mohammad Khazaei Mohammad Saeed Bahramy Ahmad Ranjbar Hiroshi Mizuseki Yoshiyuki Kawazoe 《Carbon》2009,47(14):3306-81
Recent scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) experiments display images with star and ellipsoidal like features resulting from unique geometrical arrangements of a few adsorbed hydrogen atoms on graphite. Based on first-principles STM simulations, we have found that the model with three hydrogen atoms, in which the hydrogen atoms are symmetrically placed on the graphene sheet in an equilateral triangle, encompassing a complete hexagon ring of carbon atoms, reproduces the experimentally observed starlike STM patterns. Additionally, we confirm that an ortho-hydrogen pair is the configuration corresponding to the ellipsoidal images. These calculations reveal that when the hydrogen pairs are in the same orientation, they are energetically more stable. 相似文献
83.
84.
Naota Torii Atushi Okai Kazuaki Shibuki Taku M. Aida Masaru Watanabe Masayuki Ishihara Hiroichi Tanaka Yoshiyuki Sato R.L. Smith 《Biomass & bioenergy》2010,34(6):844-850
To convert cellulosic organics contained in industrial paper sludge into glucose, reaction of pseudo paper sludge composed of cellulose and inorganic compounds (calcium carbonate (CaCO3), talc (Mg3(Si4O10)(OH)2), kaolin (Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4)) under hydrothermal conditions was studied. Significant amounts of glucose (ca. 23%) could be produced from cellulose in the absence of CaCO3 for reaction in water at 523 K and 12 min reaction time. On the other hand, in the presence of CaCO3, most glucose decomposed over all conditions, whereas the addition of talc and kaolin to the mixtures increased the glucose yield to about 30%. For the case of chemical recycle of paper sludge with hydrothermal treatment to obtain d-glucose, it can be concluded that it is preferable to separate the calcium carbonate from the paper sludge before hydrothermal treatment. 相似文献
85.
86.
In a distribution system containing a step voltage regulator (SVR), the maximum capacity of distributed generators (DGs) is calculated for DGs completely dispersed on a distribution line. The maximum capacity of the DGs is calculated under the constraint of an upper or lower voltage regulation value and an allowable current value by using voltage and current profiles expressed analytically in terms of our proposed power density model. As the voltage control method for the SVRs, we consider the conventional SVR, whose transformation ratio is fixed to 1 if it detects reverse power flow, and a reverse power flow SVR which operates appropriately even if it detects reverse power flow. Calculation of the maximum capacity of DGs with respect to the power factor of the DGs indicates which parameters, including the power factor of the DGs, the distribution of the DGs, and the load, influence the maximum DG capacity. Calculation of the maximum capacity of DGs versus the system length indicates that the constraints can be subdivided into two modes in the conventional SVR and four modes in the reverse power flow SVR. The maximum DG capacity in the system with a reverse power flow SVR is larger than that in a system with the conventional SVR. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 165(4): 41–51, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20591 相似文献
87.
Yoshiyuki Tomita 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》1987,18(8):1495-1501
A modified heat treatment has been suggested whereby lower temperature plane-strain fracture toughness (K
IC) of 4340 ultrahigh strength steel is dramatically improved in developed strength and Charpy impact energy levels. The modified
heat-treated 4340 steel (MHT-4340 steel) consists of a mixed structure of martensite and about 25 vol pct lower bainite which
appears in acicular form and partitions prior austenite grains. This is produced through isothermal transformation at 593
K for a short time followed by an oil quench (after austenitizing at 1133 K and subsequent interrupted quenching in a lead
bath at 823 K). The mechanical properties obtained at room temperature (293 K) and 193 K have been compared with those achieved
using various heat treatments. Significant conclusions are as follows: the MHT-4340 steel compared to the 1133 K directly
oil-quenched 4340 steel increased theK
IC values by 15 to 20 MPa • m1/2 at increased strength and Charpy impact energy levels regardless of the test temperature examined. At 193 K,K
IC values of the MHT-4340 steel were not less than those of the 1473 K directly oil-quenched 4340 steel, in whichK
IC values are significantly enhanced at markedly increased strength, ductility, and Charpy impact energy levels. The MHT-4340
steels compared to austempered 4340 steels at 593 K, which have excellent Charpy impact properties, showed superiorK
IC values at significant increased strength levels irrespective of test temperatures. The lower temperature improvement inK
IC can be attributed to not only the crack-arrest effect by acicular lower bainite but also to the stress-relief effect by the
lower bainite just ahead of the current crack. 相似文献
88.
S Takeno T Daa H Shimoda S Yokoyama I Nakayama Y Uchida 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,47(2-3):95-102
In order to estimate the distribution of Salmonella including Salmonella enteritidis (SE) and SE-antibodies in commercial layer hen flocks in Hokkaido, the northern prefecture of Japan, a survey of spent layer hens was performed, from August 1996 to January 1997. From the three spent hen processing plants, samples of intestines and sera were collected from 740 birds presented for slaughter from 37 flocks of 22 layer hen farms. Intestines from each birds were cultured for Salmonella including Salmonella enteritidis. Serum from each bird was examined for SE-antibody with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Salmonella (any serotype) and Salmonella enteritidis were isolated from 50 (6.8%) and three (0.4%) of 740 birds, respectively, and SE-antibody positive values were recorded from seven birds (0.9%). SE-antibody positive birds did not always indicate isolation of Salmonella enteritidis, however SE-antibody positive hens were demonstrated only from Salmonella enteritidis positive flocks. Salmonellae were isolated from the birds of ten layer hen farms, all of these hens were raised in houses without windows and with automatic feeders. No isolations of salmonella were made from birds raised in houses with windows. From the windowless houses, Salmonellae were isolated from 46 (21.8%) of 260 birds in houses with four to six cages piled up vertically, and from six (2.5%) of 240 samples from the houses with four to five cages piled in a slanting manner. 相似文献
89.
90.
A district heating and cooling system (DHC) is expected to be a promising energy-saving measure for high-density business areas in Japan. However, it has not been verified what advantages of the DHC are important for energy conservation. The clarification of this issue is supposed to contribute to improving the energy efficiency of the DHC. 相似文献