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71.
Qiang Wang Ji Hyang Sohn So Ye Park Jin Seong Choi Joo Young Lee Jong Shik Chung 《Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry》2010,16(1):68-73
Pure phase K4Zr5O12 is synthesized via solid state method in the present work. Various K/Zr ratios and temperatures are applied, and the synthesis process is investigated in detail by means of X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Its catalytic activity for soot oxidation is studied by temperature programmed oxidation with different types of soot/catalyst contacts. It is revealed that K4Zr5O12 is very active in the presence of 2–10% O2 for both tight and loose contacts (Tp(tight) = 335 °C, Tp(ethanol) = 355 °C and Tp(shaking) = 370 °C). Thermal stability study shows that K4Zr5O12 is highly stable up to at least 900 °C. 相似文献
72.
Young-Jun Seo Deuk-Sil Oh Jae-Won Lee 《Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry》2013,19(5):1535-1539
In order to investigate the possibility of waste mushroom medium as a biomass resource for biorefinery, characteristics of hydrolysate and pretreated biomass obtained from oxalic acid pretreatment were examined. The hydrolysate contained high glucose and low concentrations of inhibitors. The glucose concentration in the hydrolysate particularly increased when temperature gradient was used during pretreatment, compared with that of isocratic condition. The highest increase rate of glucose was 63.16% when pretreatment was performed at 140 °C for 25 min with 0.032 oxalic acid (g/g), and increased temperature to 170 °C. At the same time, ethanol production of Scheffersomyces stipitis using hydrolysate was 15.72 g/L after 48 h, which correspond to an ethanol volumetric productivity of 0.33 g L?1 h?1. Most of the lignin and some of the cellulose remained in the pretreated biomass. The total lignin content of the pretreated biomass, represent between 31.81 and 45.05%, compared to 28.8% of the raw material. The calorific value of the pretreated biomass ranged from 4940 to 5111 kcal/kg which represent increase of 3–6% compared to the raw material, due to higher contents of lignin in the pretreated biomass. 相似文献
73.
Chang‐Gyu Kim Sung‐Hoon Joo Cheol Hong Cheon Mi‐Yun Jeong Soon‐Wook Cha Byung‐Hee Sohn Jung‐Il Jin 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2006,100(1):307-317
Three new soluble polyconjugated polymers, all of which emitted blue light in photoluminescence and electroluminescence, were synthesized, and their luminescence properties were studied. The polymers were poly{1,1′‐biphenyl‐4,4′‐diyl‐[1‐(4‐t‐butylphenyl)]vinylene}, poly((9,9‐dioctylfluorene‐2,7‐diyl)‐alt‐{1,4‐phenylene‐[1‐(4‐t‐butylphenyl)vinylene‐1,4‐phenylene]}) [P(DOF‐PVP)], and poly([N‐(2‐ethyl) hexylcarbazole‐3,6‐diyl]‐alt‐{1,4‐phenylene‐[1‐(4‐t‐butylphenyl)]vinylene‐1,4‐phenylene}). The last two polymers had alternating sequences of the two structural units. Among the three polymers, P(DOF‐PVP) performed best in the light‐emitting diode devices of indium–tin oxide/poly(ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrene sulfonate) (30 nm)/polymer (150 nm)/Li:Al (100 nm). This might have been correlated with the balance in and magnitude of the mobility of the charge carriers, that is, positive holes and electrons, and also the electronic structure, that is, highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels, of the polymers. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 307–317, 2006 相似文献
74.
As Asian economies have grown rapidly, Asia has become a new leading market of the luxury goods industry. This paper used conjoint analysis (CA) for the optimal design of a luxury brand outlet mall to maximize the customer lifetime value (CLV). This approach complements a simple CA by considering CLV. The proposed approach is then applied to designing a suburban luxury brand outlet mall in Korea, a new concept to Korea. The results indicate that the optimal design for the outlet mall is the medieval European-style mall, with the linkage to Natural Tourism, which consists of the restaurants with delicious food and the stores with similar ratio between masstige and luxury brands. 相似文献
75.
76.
Chlorination is one of the methods applied in extractive metallurgy for the treatment of minerals to obtain valuable metals,
such as titanium and zirconium. The possibility of applying chlorination metallurgy to other metals such as tungsten was the
major aim of this study. The kinetics of the chlorination of tungsten oxide (WO3) particles has been investigated by thermogravimetry between 973 K and 1223 K (700 °C and 950 °C) and for partial pressures
of chlorine ranging from 15 to 70 kPa. The starting temperature for the reaction of WO3 with chlorine is determined to be about 920 K (647 °C). The influence of chlorine diffusion through the bulk gas phase and
through the particle interstices in the overall rate was analyzed. In the absence of these two mass-transfer steps, a reaction
order of 0.5 with respect to chlorine partial pressure, and an activation energy of 183 kJ/mol were determined. For tungsten
oxide particles of less than 50-μm size, a complete rate expression has been obtained. 相似文献
77.
Interfacial tension is an important property that plays an essential role in understanding wetting behavior between refractories–molten
slag–steel in the steelmaking process. Most work on interfacial tensions of molten slag system have been done to clarify the
effect of surface active elements in molten metal and slag composition, but there has been little work done with respect to
the slags ionic structure. In this study, the interfacial tension between molten slag and solid Fe was investigated to understand
the effect of the ionic structure of molten slag on interfacial tension by using solid Fe instead of molten steel. Interfacial
tension measurements in CaO–SiO2–FeO and CaO–SiO2–MnO slags were carried out at 1,773 K on interstitial free (IF)-steel substrates using the sessile drop method. The composition
of the slag was varied with amphoteric oxides of either FeO or MnO at unit basicity (C/S = 1.0). Results indicated a decrease in the interfacial tension with increased amphoteric oxide additions. The ionic species
of molten slags were analyzed by FT-IR and the various types of oxygen ions (O2−, O−, O0) in the slag was determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The silicate bonding degree and the slags ionic behavior
were semi-quantitatively analyzed with respect to the slag’s ionic structure model. By dissociating the slags networking structure
with increased free oxygen ions, the interfacial tension decreased. Considering the ionic theory of molten slags, results
indicate that the interfacial properties are directly affected by the ionic structure of the slag. This work hopes to clarify
the relationship between the interfacial tension and the distribution of various oxygen ions. 相似文献
78.
Diffusion studies were carried out in the Fe-Ni-Al system at 1000 °C with solid-solid diffusion couples assembled with β (B2), β′ (bcc), and γ (fcc) single-phase alloys for the development of diffusion structures, diffusion paths, and for the determination of interdiffusion
and intrinsic diffusion coefficients. The diffusion structures were examined by optical and scanning electron microscopy,
and the concentration profiles were determined by electron microprobe analysis. Diffusion couples included several series
of β vs γ and β′ vs γ diffusion couples characterized by a common terminal alloy bonded to several terminal alloys with varying compositions. The
development of planar and nonplanar interfaces, as well as two-phase layers, as observed in various couples, were related
to the diffusion paths. The interdiffusion fluxes of individual components were calculated directly from the experimental
concentration profiles, and the diffusional interactions among components were examined in the light of zero-flux planes (ZFPs)
and flux reversals, which were identified in several couples. Ternary interdiffusion coefficients (
(i, j = Al, Ni)), with Fe considered as the dependent concentration variable, were evaluated at composition points of the intersection
of diffusion paths of single-phase couples and of multiphase couples that developed planar interfaces. The interdiffusion
coefficients were the largest in magnitude for the β′ alloys, especially near the β/β′ miscibility gap, and decreased for the β and γ alloys. In the β and γ phases, the main interdiffusion coefficient for Al was larger than those for Ni and Fe. Also, Fe interdiffused faster than
Ni in the Fe-rich β and β′ phases. The cross-interdiffusion coefficients (
and
) were negative in all three phases. In general, the
coefficients were larger in magnitude than the
coefficients; however, the magnitude of
was greater than that of
near the β/(β + γ) phase boundary on the ternary isotherm. In the β phase, the magnitude of
(i, j=Al, Ni) coefficients increased over 1 to 2 orders of magnitude with a decrease in the Al concentration and increase in the
Fe/Ni concentration ratio. Interdiffusion coefficients, extrapolated from the ternary coefficients for binary alloys, were
consistent with those in literature. Intrinsic diffusion coefficients were also determined at selected compositions. In addition,
tracer diffusion coefficients were estimated for the binary Fe-Al and Ni-Al alloys at selected compositions, from an extrapolation
of ternary interdiffusion coefficients. 相似文献
79.
We examined intracellular structures in the equatorial region of the muscle spindles of rat soleus muscles by scanning electron microscopy, paying particular attention to the ultrastructure of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) beneath the sarcolemma. The subsarcolemmal SR was more developed in nuclear chain fibres than in nuclear bag fibres as was reported in the sleeve and extracapsular regions. In addition, the subsarcolemmal SR of the chain fibre formed a fenestrated sheet, whereas that of the bag fibre organized a layer of fenestrated bands beneath the sarcolemma where the sensory nerve endings are associated. No T-tubules were discerned in the subsarcolemmal SR of both fibres, which may be concerned with the little contraction of the equatorial region. 相似文献
80.
Interdiffusion in hypothetical ternary single-phase and two-phase diffusion couples are examined using a phase-field model
by numerically solving the nonlinear Cahn-Hilliard and Ginzburg-Landau equations. For diffusion couples assembled with a regular
single-phase solution, constant chemical mobilities were used to examine the development of concentration profiles including
uphill diffusion and zero-flux plane. Zero-flux plane for a component was observed to develop for a diffusion couple at the
composition that corresponds to the activity of that component in one of the terminal alloys. Experimental thermodynamic parameters
and composition-dependent chemical mobilities were used to examine the morphological evolution of the interphase boundary
in solid-to-solid, two-phase diffusion couples. Instability at the interphase boundary was introduced initially (t=0) by a small compositional fluctuation at the diffuse interface, and its evolution varied largely as a function of terminal
alloys and related composition-dependent chemical mobility.
This article was presented at the Multicomponent-Multiphase Diffusion Symposium in Honor of Mysore A. Dayananda, which was
held during TMS 2006, the 135th Annual Meeting and Exhibition, March 12–16, 2006, in San Antonio, TX. The symposium was organized
by Yongho Sohn of University of Central Florida, Carelyn E. Campbell of National Institute of Standards and Technology, Richard
D. Sisson, Jr., of Worcester Polytechnic Institute, and John E. Morral of Ohio State University. 相似文献