The tribological behavior of micrometer and nanometer TiO2 particle‐filled poly(phthalazine ether sulfone ketone) composites

Micrometer and nanometer TiO₂ particle‐filled poly(phthalazine ether sulfone ketone) (PPESK) composites with various filler volume fractions from 0.5 to 7.5 vol % were prepared by heating compression molding. The friction and wear behaviors of the PPESK composites were evaluated using the block‐on‐ring test rig by sliding PPESK‐based composite blocks against a mild carbon steel ring under dry friction conditions. The wear debris and the worn surfaces of the PPESK composites filled with micrometer and nanometer TiO₂ particles were investigated by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), while the structures of PPESK composites and wear debris were analyzed with IR spectra. Experimental results show that antiwear properties of the PPESK composites can be improved greatly by filling nanometer TiO₂ particles, and the friction coefficient decreases when the filler volume fraction is below 2.5%, but when the filler volume fraction is above 2.5% the friction coefficient increases gradually with increasing filler volume fraction. In the case of micrometer TiO₂ filler, wear rates increase with increasing filler volume fractions under identical test conditions, and the friction coefficients are less sensitive to the filler volume fraction. It was also found that the wear mechanism of micrometer TiO₂ particle‐filled PPESK is mainly severe adhesion and abrasive wear, while that of nanometer TiO₂ particle‐filled PPESK is mainly slight abrasive wear. In the former case, there are no transfer film formed on the surface of the counterpart steel, and wear debris are in the form of long and large ribbon. While in the latter case, the wear debris was granule and their size was about 10 μm. In case of 1 vol % nanometer TiO₂ particle‐filled PPESK composites, the transfer film was fairly thinner and smoother, and the transfer film provided better coverage on the surface of steel ring, while that of 7.5 vol % was thicker and discrete. These account for the different friction and wear behavior of micrometer and nanometer TiO₂ particle‐filled PPESK composite. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 906–914, 2004     

和谐社会视野下的突发环境事件应急立法

日益频发的突发环境事件已成为我国构建社会主义和谐社会的一大障碍。分析《中华人民共和国突发事件应对法》颁布后我国突发环境事件应急立法存在的缺陷与不足,提出了社会主义和谐社会视野下突发环境事件应急立法的完善对策。     

底部局部辐射加热窑炉内温度场数值模拟

提出了底部局部辐射加窑炉内温度场数值分析的控制方程组，分别对平面加热及半圆柱形加热面两种算例进行了数值计算，得了影响烤花烤窑炉内温度场均匀性的主要因素和有加热面发射率，加热面形状，加热面相对位置及窑炉墙体热阻和墙体与外界的换热热阻。     

增粘树脂在SBS改性胶粘剂中的应用

研究了增粘树脂在SBS改性胶粘剂中的应用，其中包括增粘树脂品种、用量对胶粘剂剥离强度的影响，同时研究了该胶粘剂对各种鞋材的粘结性。结果表明，该胶对许多鞋材的初粘力和剥离强度都达到了制鞋业的要求。     

The design and analysis of unequal error protection fountain coding for multiple source networks over binary erasure channels

A novel network model of multiple source fountain coding is developed and a novel class of generic multiple source fountain codes with unequal error protection(UEP)property is proposed.The And–Or tree analysis technique is generalized to analyze the asymptotic performance of the proposed codes and a joint optimization method employing both linear and nonlinear programs is developed to optimize the degree distributions.Furthermore,we propose three basic methods to achieve UEP property and the performance of each method is discussed.We employ these analytical results and optimization method to design and discuss several UEP codes with two and four sources for different application scenarios.Simulation results verify that the proposed codes can be applied to the networks with any number of sources and can provide strong UEP property in various ways based on the proposed three basic methods.     

Preparation and characterization of polyelectrolyte copolymers containing methyl methacrylate and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate. I. Polymers based on methacrylic acid

Acidic polyelectrolyte copolymers containing 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), methyl methacrylate (MMA), and methacrylic acid (MAA) were prepared by free radical polymerization to high conversion in solution. Copolymer yields were obtained by gravimetry (all in the 30–50% range), relative molecular weights estimated by intrinsic viscosity measurements (all in the 50–70 cc/g range), tacticity by ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (all polymers predominantly syndiotactic with some atactic content), and composition by acid/base titrations in conjunction with ¹H-NMR spectroscopy (all close to the monomer charge ratios). Acid strengths or apparent pKa's were examined as a function of extent of ionization. Measurements performed in water indicated that the compact/extended coil transformation in predominantly syndiotactic polymethacrylic acid occurs also in copolymers of similar tacticity containing moderate to high concentrations of MAA. The apparent pKa of such polymers containing only small amounts of MAA did not vary with extent of ionization, indicating a low degree of interaction between the acid groups. In copolymer pairs containing similar amounts of MAA but differing HEMA and MMA contents, the polymer containing more HEMA appeared the stronger acid, presumably due to a better solvation of that polymer which would increase the net spatial charge–charge separation and decrease cooperative effects that lead to suppressed ionization.     

Experimental research on drag reduction by polymer additives in a turbulent pipe flow

In order to investigate the effects of injection position on drag reduction as well as further the effects of polymer additives on turbulent structures, LDA measurements of turbulent pipe flows were conducted. The results show that the amount of drag reduction grows with the increase of the Reynolds number, and injecting the polymer at the centre of pipe is more effective than at the wall. Due to the addition of polymer solution, the axial, radial r.m.s. velocity fluctuations and Reynolds stress decrease over the entire pipe cross‐section, the time auto‐correlation coefficients of axial and radial velocity fluctuation at the centre of pipe decay more slowly, the number of spectrum peaks is decreased, and the peak shifts towards lower wave numbers. The results also reveal that, due to the addition of polymer solution, the large‐scale vortices are enhanced and small‐scale vortices are suppressed.     

基于Web的远程监控技术在灯光控制中的应用

论述了远程监控技术在灯光控制中的应用,利用Web的优势,采用串口通信技术和PLC自由通信协议,设计了一个基于Web的灯光远程监控系统。     

4G通信技术的FPGA远程更新系统设计

为了解决在恶劣环境、偏远地区等特殊场合的FPGA远程更新问题,提出了一种基于4G无线通信技术的FPGA远程更新系统设计方法。应用4G无线通信模块实现了更新控制器的通信组网,远程控制器通过4G网络与更新控制器建立通信连接,下发控制命令实现FPGA的远程更新。通过实际测试验证了新方法的可行性、正确性,有效弥补了传统更新方法布线复杂、效率低、距离短等不足,提高了设备维护效率、降低了维护成本,对工程应用具有重大意义。