Design methodology for a braided cylinder

In this study, the design methodology for a braided cylinder was presented. The concept of an analytical model which involved both micro model and macro model was proposed. The analytical method was applied to estimate the rigidity and elastic limit of a braided cylinder subjected to bending and torsional load independently and as combined load. Using the analysis method, the design of a braided cylinder would be carried out in consideration of the factors that decide the mechanical properties of braided cylinder. This method has the possibility to be useful for structural design of braided composites and can be included as a unit in CAE systems for braided composites.     

Observing the Stimulated Raman Gain Spectra of Solutions Using an Infrared Pump Pulse with Narrow Linewidth and a Low-Noise CW Probe Laser

Stimulated Raman gain (SRG) spectroscopy using infrared pump pulses with narrow linewidth and a low-noise cw probe infrared laser was proposed. High-resolution Raman spectra of solutions were obtained. The SRG spectra of crystal GaP, benzene, and toluene were measured to confirm the spectral resolution and sensitivity over the terahertz (THz) region. We discuss the polarization dependence of the spectral measurement of carbon tetrachloride. Our system can detect organic molecules in aqueous solutions.     

High-performance liquid chromatographic separation of Porphyromonas gingivalis fimbriae

A right lung cancer case is presented, aged 65 years, obese, submitted to a right lung resection. Stress is laid on the difficult evolution concerning the haemodynamics and particularly the breathing owing to the association of risk factors.     

Correlation between the hot plate ignition test and other laboratory-scale flammability tests on rubber conveyor belts with fabric skeletons

The hot plate ignition test was conducted on ten different conveyor rubber belts with fabric skeletons. In this test, a 25 × 25 mm² belt sample was placed on a stainless steel plate in an electric furnace and heated. The ‘ignition temperature’ was determined on each sample in almost the same way as proposed in Canada. The test results were compared with those from other laboratory-scale flammability tests (i.e. the small-scale flame tests, the Oxygen Index test and the laboratory-scale gallery test). The calculated results of both sample and rank correlation coefficients imply that the ‘10 signition temperature’ in this hot plate ignition test has a correlation with the results from both the Oxygen Index test and the laboratory-scale gallery test, but that it has very little or no correlation with those from the small-scale flame tests. On the other hand, it is found that the ‘60 s ignition temperature’ in this test has a far better correlation both with the results from the small-scale flame tests and with the time to ignition in the laboratory-scale gallery test than the ‘10 s ignition temperature’.     

The effect of molding conditions on mechanical and morphological properties at the interface of film insert injection molded polypropylene‐film/polypropylene matrix

An extensive study on the peel strength between a polypropylene (PP) film and PP substrate fabricated using film insert injection molding technique was carried out through a 180° peel test. Injection molding conditions such as barrel temperature, injection speed and holding pressure were varied to gauge their effects on the mechanical and morphological properties. Morphological observations were made at the film‐substrate interfacial regions by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The injection molded products, with the films still attached, were subjected to bending and impact tests to determine if there is any relationship between film‐substrate adhesion and bulk properties. Observation of the load‐displacement curves during the peel test revealed three unique and interesting curves, corresponding to different peeling and film fracture mechanisms. Increases in injection speed, barrel temperature and holding pressure lead to increased bonding between the film and substrate surfaces. The enhancement of bonding between these two polymer surfaces could be attributed to polymer‐polymer interdiffusion. Substantiating evidence from TEM, which shows the fading of the interface as the bond strengthens, further boosts the accuracy of this assumption. The hope that the films could contribute to enhancing bulk properties has been diminished since the bending properties appeared to be similar with or without the film attached. Polym. Eng. Sci. 44:2327–2334, 2004. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.     

Electric field calculation in composite dielectrics by surface charge method based on electric flux continuity condition

We propose a new surface charge method based on the continuity of electric flux passing through each partial area on the dielectric boundary. N partial areas divided on the boundary give the boundary equations for solving N unknown variables representing the surface charge density distribution. The electric flux is numerically calculated by integrating the normal component of electric flux density on each partial area. This method permits us to exclude the singularity of edge parts from the boundary equations because these parts do not contribute to the integration area. In this paper, we apply first‐order functions to simulate both triangular surface shape and charge density distribution on its surface as well. First, we have computed the electric field for a spherical dielectric under a uniform field. The calculated results show that the accuracy of the electric field at the spherical center is almost equal to the accuracy of the total surface area of the polygon which represents the sphere. Furthermore, this method has improved the accuracy of the field by about one order compared with the conventional surface charge methods. Second, we have computed the electric field for a dielectric human model under a uniform field. The calculated results demonstrates that the proposed method works well for a complicated shaped object with a dielectric constant greatly different from that of an ambient medium. © 2002 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 138(4): 10–17, 2002; DOI 10.1002/eej.1133     

Novel Route to Propylene Carbonate: Selective Synthesis from Propylene Glycol and Carbon Dioxide

High surface area zirconium phosphate in an amorphous phase exhibits high activities for water-related reactions such as hydrolysis of ethyl acetate and esterification of acetic acid with ethanol. The zirconium phosphate is insoluble during the reaction, is recoverable by simple filtration, and can be reused at least five times without any treatment.     

TETHER-LINKED [60]FULLERENE-DONOR DYADS

A series of [60]fullerene bis-adducts having a π-electron-rich aromatic ring as a donor in a face-to-face arrangement were synthesized by the bis-cyclopropanation of [60]fullerene with tether-linked bis-malonates. One of the bis-adducts showed a photoinduced intramolecular electron transfer which caused the dramatic quenching of its fluorescence in a polar solvent.     

A new approach to improve the high-voltage cyclic performance of Li-rich layered cathode material by electrochemical pre-treatment

Lithium-rich nickel–manganese–cobalt oxide, Li[Ni_0.17Li_0.2Co_0.07Mn_0.56]O₂, was prepared by a co-precipitation method, and its cyclic behavior at a high potential was investigated. The as-prepared material shows a rapid capacity fading in its initial several cycles when it was operated above 4.5 V, which could be significantly improved through a pre-cycling treatment. Its reversible capacity in the range of 4.8–2 V could be increased from 200 to 250 mAh g⁻¹ after 50 cycle through a stepped pre-cycling treatment.