Selective hydrogenation of furfural to cyclopentanone over Cu-Ni-Al hydrotalcite-based catalysts

A series of Cu-Ni-Al hydrotalcites derived oxides with a (Cu+Ni)/Al mole ratio of 3 with varied Cu/Ni mole ratio (from 0.017 to 0.5, with a Cu ratio of 0.0125 to 0.25) were prepared by co-precipitation method, then applied to the hydrogenation of furfural in aqueous. Their catalytic performance for liquid phase hydrogenation of furfural to prepare cyclopentanone was described in detail, considering reaction temperature, catalyst composition, reaction time and so on. The yield of cyclopentanone was influenced by the mole ratio of Cu-Ni-Al based heterogeneous catalyst and depended on the reaction conditions. The yield of cyclopentanone was up to 95.8% when the reaction was carried out under 413 K with H₂ pressure of 40 bar for 8 h. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and H₂ temperature-programmed reduction (H₂-TPR).     

Effects of ultrasonic radiation on induction period and nucleation kinetics of sodium sulfate

The effects of ultrasound on crystal nucleation and particle size distribution of sodium sulfate were investigated via determining the induction period and particle size. Crystal nucleation parameters and equations for primary nucleation were calculated. The experimental results show that the induction time decreases under the ultrasound irradiation, therefore, we can get a shorter induction period at a higher supersaturation level. Based on these observations, the growth mechanism of sodium sulfate is continuous growth because the value of the surface entropy factor f is smaller than 3. The induction period was observed shorter and particle size was smaller when the ultrasonic radiation time increased. Crystal growth improved with the longer crystallization time.     

Stimulations of strontium-doped calcium polyphosphate for bone tissue engineering to protein secretion and mRNA expression of the angiogenic growth factors from endothelial cells in vitro

The vascularization of tissue-engineered bone is the key problem needed solving before application of tissue-engineered bone in clinical practice. Meanwhile, endothelial cells are the major and important source of seed cells in bone tissue engineering, and significant on promoting vascularization in tissue-engineered bone. Vascularization (namely angiogenesis) is a process mainly controlled by several angiogenic growth factors (VEGF, bFGF and MMP-2) which can be secreted by endothelial cells. Therefore, the research on the stimulations of SCPP to the secretion of the angiogenic growth factors from endothelial cells is very important. This study was performed to determine the ability of strontium-doped calcium polyphosphate (SCPP) to induce angiogenesis by detecting the protein secretion levels and mRNA expression of VEGF, bFGF and MMP-2 from cultured endothelial cells. As a control, we also researched the effect of HA on the mRNA expressions and protein secretion of angiogenic growth factors from cultured endothelial cells. We cultured endothelial cells with SCPP scaffolds containing various concentration of strontium and HA. The results obtained in the MTT and SEM tests indicated that endothelial cells on SCPP scaffold exhibited higher proliferation rate and were easy to get a good spread than them on CPP, the best state of growth and proliferation of cells could be observed on 8%SCPP. The results of ELISA demonstrated that the protein levels of VEGF, bFGF and MMP-2 from cultured endothelial cells increased with the increasing Sr doped in calcium polyphosphate in SCPP groups, the peaks appeared on 8%SCPP. All SCPP groups showed a better ability to stimulate the protein secretion of VEGF, bFGF and MMP-2 from endothelial cells relative to CPP group and HA group. The results of RT-PCR suggested that the 8%SCPP group exhibited a significantly higher mRNA expression of VEGF, bFGF and MMP-2 relative to CPP group and HA group. In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrated that 8%SCPP had obvious promotion for secretion and mRNA expression of angiogenic growth factors from cultured endothelial cells.     

Tuning of dielectric and ferroelectric properties in single phase BiFeO3 ceramics with controlled Fe/Fe ratio

Single phase multiferroic BiFeO₃ (BFO) ceramics were synthesized with controllable amount of Fe²⁺ and oxygen vacancies in a very wide concentration range. Double ferroelectric hysteresis loops are observed in fresh BFO ceramics at room temperature without any aging processes. Detailed study shows that this is due to the defect dipoles which have preferential orientations antiparallel to the direction of spontaneous polarization, providing a driving force for domain back-switching. The dielectric constant of BFO could be enormously enhanced by 100 times by increasing the Fe²⁺ content, employing a polaronic relaxation process.     

铋掺杂对铌酸钾钠无铅压电陶瓷结构和性能的影响

用常压烧结法制备铋掺杂铌酸钾钠无铅压电陶瓷(K0.5Na0.5)1-3xBixNbO3(KNBN)。研究不同铋掺杂量对KNN陶瓷结构、形貌、致密度及电学性能的影响。结果表明:在1 120℃烧结的含铋量为1%(摩尔分数)的陶瓷表现出最好的铁电和压电性能及较好的介电性能,即压电常数最大121pC/N,P-E回线形状达到饱和,且剩余极化为12.67μC/cm2,矫顽场Ec为13.58kV/cm,介电常数为575,损耗为5.82%(频率为1kHz)。陶瓷样品在131℃从正交结构转变到四方结构,Curie温度为400℃。     

双电层电容器用中微双孔活性炭的研究进展

文章介绍了中微双孔活性炭的制备方法,综述了用作双电层电容器的最新应用研究,为中微双孔活性炭在双电层电容器中的应用提供参考。     

2-氨基-4-苯基噻唑的合成研究

以α-溴代苯乙酮和硫脲为原料,正丙醇为溶剂,制得2-氨基-4-苯基噻唑,通过元素分析、红外光谱、1H NMR和MS确定化合物的结构。运用正交实验筛选出最佳工艺条件:反应时间为6 h,温度为97℃(回流),α-溴代苯乙酮和硫脲摩尔比为1:1.10,2-氨基-4-苯基噻唑的产率可达97%。该方法具有安全,易控制,操作简便,后处理简单等优点,适合工业化生产。     

环氧树脂改性硅丙乳液的制备及水性涂料的研究

采用半连续单体滴加乳液聚合法制得稳定性好,凝胶率少,转化率高,综合性能良好的环氧树脂改性硅丙乳液。通过实验确定了所需的最佳条件,即阴离子与非离子乳化剂的最佳配比是2∶1,适宜温度78~80℃,引发剂的最佳用量0.7%,有机硅的最佳用量3%,环氧树脂最佳用量7%。并且以环氧树脂E-44改性硅丙乳液为主要成膜物质,制备了水性隔热防腐涂料。经检测,涂料的各项性能均满足国家技术标准。     

苯乙烯抽提技术配套乙烯工艺

苯乙烯抽提技术(STED)配套乙烯工艺可降低上下游装置的能耗物耗,提升二甲苯品质,裂解副产物苯乙烯有燃料级提升到化学品级,具有客观的经济效益。目前,该技术已日益成熟,装置运行稳定,不会对上下游工艺造成影响。     

浅谈新形势下环境监测数据的法律效力问题

阐述了新形势下环境监测数据在环境管理中的重要作用,通过分析环境监测数据在环境污染刑事案件中的特点及讨论了影响其证据效力的因素,提出了提高其证据效力的建议和对策。