Hole transfer from PbS nanocrystal quantum dots to polymers and efficient hybrid solar cells utilizing infrared photons

Polymer/inorganic-nanocrystals bulk heterojunction solar cells, where inorganic semiconductor nanocrystals such as CdSe, CdS, CdTe, ZnO, TiO₂, and silicon, replace the fullerene molecules as the electron acceptors, typically exhibit a power conversion efficiency (PCE) below 3% even after tremendous engineering efforts to optimize the nanocrystal size, shape, and nanoscale morphology. One promising feature of polymer hybrid solar cells is the ability to sensitize conjugated polymers, which on their own absorb only in the visible part of solar spectrum, into the infrared spectral range using infrared-active lead salt nanocrystal quantum dots (NQDs). Here we observed for the first time hole transfer from PbS NQDs to polymers as evidenced by the quenching of the PbS photoluminescence (PL), a sign of the presence of charge separating type II heterojunction. The type II band-offset at the NQD/polymer heterojunction enables efficient hole extraction from NQDs and leads to a record PCE of 3.80%, realized in a planar junction configuration under simulated air mass 1.5 global (AM 1.5G) irradiation of 100 mW/cm². The photocurrent has an extended spectral range spanning from the ultraviolet (UV) to the infrared (IR). Contributions from the polymer and PbS to the photocurrent were identified. Infrared photons (>700 nm) contribute about 30% of the photocurrent and yield a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 20% at 1050 nm.     

光纤测厚中光谱"双峰"现象的分析

在用反射干涉频谱法(Rifs)测量薄膜厚度的过程中,薄膜的反射光谱经常见到"双峰"现象,即相邻的波峰(或波谷)连在一起,区别于通常按吸收曲线有规律分布的光谱.对该现象进行了深入研究,结果表明:该现象和被测试处薄膜厚度不均匀有关,当厚度差异较大时,入射光在薄膜的不同厚度点发生反射,各点的反射干涉光谱叠加就会产生"双峰"的结果.对基本厚度为2 000 nm的聚苯乙烯薄膜的仿真结果表明:膜厚差异超过1/10,开始出现双峰.研究还表明,"双峰"现象并不影响厚度计算的准确度.     

自适应双极性红外舰船目标分割算法

红外舰船目标分割是红外海面场景中舰船目标自动识别的关键技术之一,通过阈值方法分割舰船因具有诸多优点而被广泛应用.已有阈值算法假设己知舰船和目标的能量强度关系(一般假设舰船亮度高于背景),但实际中波红外探测器所采集的图像易受环境影响,导致成像后舰船目标呈现双极性,使得已有的阈值方法难以自适应的分割舰船目标.为解决双极性舰船目标的自适应分割问题,该文提出一种新的最大化2维熵分割算法.算法首先利用图像的多尺度局部方差-熵变化量和梯度方向方差两个指标构建2维直方图,然后使用粒子群优化算法寻找最大化2维熵的最优阈值来对图像进行粗分割,随后在粗分割的基础上进行迭代精分割获得准确的目标分割结果.实验结果表明,该文算法能够在舰船目标呈现双极性的情况下均获得较好的分割结果.     

全反射式红外变焦光学系统设计

针对透射式红外变焦光学系统结构复杂,无热化设计较难等问题,提出全反射式红外变焦光学系统设计。讨论了该光学系统的变焦理论,对反射变焦系统初始结构进行了高斯解分析,给出了其初始结构的计算方法。设计了一离轴三反射镜红外变焦系统,系统焦距为300～600 mm,F数为2.1,工作波段为8～12μm,采用某型非制冷长波红外探测器,截止频率为14 lp/mm,系统变焦过程近似线性连续,像面稳定,像质良好。     

基于自适应阈值选择的非参量GS 检测算法

现代雷达系统中,杂波统计特性往往无法预先确定,此时针对性较强的参量检测方法的恒虚警能力就会下降,因此非参量方法已成为一个重要的研究方向。为此,该文提出一种基于自适应阈值选择的非参量GS 检测算法(VI-GS),该检测算法结合了GS 检测算法、TGS 检测算法和GO-GS 检测算法的优点。基于仿真高斯杂波和实测雷达数据对该VI-GS 检测算法在非均匀海杂波背景下的检测性能进行分析,结果表明,在均匀杂波和非均匀杂波背景下,该算法都具有很好的鲁棒性。      

COMPUTING RESOURCE SHARING IN GROUND SYSTEM OF MULTI-SATELLITE AND MULTI-SENSOR REMOTE SENSING

A scheme is proposed to elevate the limitation of the ground application system of mono-satellite-sensor under the requirement of remote sensing satellite ground application system. In the resource-sharing, for instance caculating resource, a simple phototype of caculating-resource is proposed through analyzing resource assignment, application assignment, body structure, and so on. In order to improve the ability of assignment, realize the favorable utility, management,and maintenance, the phototype is improved by using datagrid calculation according to the requirement and character of actual application. The phototype can be taken as the foundation of calculation frame of remote sensing ground application system of multi-satellite and multi-sensor.     

最佳屏蔽二进序列偶同步性能研究

最佳屏蔽二进序列偶是新近提出的一种新的最佳循环相关信号,具有良好的周期相关特性,即其周期自相关函数为单值脉冲函数。将序列偶中的一个序列作为传输帧中的同步字,将序列偶中的另一个序列作为接收端的相关检测序列,对序列偶作为同步数字序列应用于帧同步系统的性能进行了理论分析和模拟仿真。结果表明:最佳屏蔽二进序列偶作为同步数字序列应用于同步系统中可以获得很好的性能指标,从而为工程应用中的帧同步系统提供了更多的选择。     

Internal Defect Measurement of Scattering Media by Optical Coherence Microscopy

Optical coherence microscopy is applied to measure scattering media‘s internal defect, which based on low coherence interferometry and confocal microscopy. Optical coherence microscopy is more effective in the rejection of out of focus and multiple scattered photons originating further away of the focal plane. With the three-dimension scanning, the internal defect is detected by measuring the thickness of different points on the sample. The axial resolution is 6μm and lateral resolution is 1.2μm. This method is possessed of the advantages over the other measurement method of scattering media, such as non-destruction and high-resolution.     

数模转换对自适应天线旁瓣相消的影响

通过研究自适应天线旁瓣相消系统中相消比与信号相关性的关系,分析了模数转换（ADC）位数和模数转换速率对相消性能的影响,给出最佳相消比和ADC量化位数的定量关系;针对低采样速率导致的相消比下降,提出了基于sinc函数插值来改善相消比的方法,并分析了sinc插值截断长度与相消比的关系.仿真结果表明通过增加AD量化位数和采用sinc插值相消技术,可以明显地改善自适应天线旁瓣相消系统的性能.     

相位干涉仪全数字化测向方法分析

传统干涉仪测向采用模拟鉴相器,鉴相误差较大,而数字化鉴相器也仅仅是对输出相位差数字化,精度提高有限.本文提出了一种基于数字接收机的全数字化鉴相器进行测向的方法.经理论分析和仿真实验,该方法测向精度有很大提高,且可以实现同时多信号的分辨.