Dufour Gland Contents of Ants of the Cataglyphis bicolor Group

The species of desert-dwelling ants of the Cataglyphis bicolor (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) group are difficult to distinguish by morphological features. Analysis of the secretion from the Dufour glands of workers of a number of colonies was undertaken to see if it provided a clear test of species. Linked 6c-ms showed in all samples straight and branched-chain alkanes, linear alkenes, ketones, aldehydes, acetates, and a group of C₂₂ to C₂₈ esters not previously identified in this genus. Contents of the Dufour glands of C. savignyi from Tunisia and Egypt were similar, and comprised straight and branched-chain alkanes, alkenes and small amounts of esters. C. bicolor from Tunisia contained compounds similar to C. savignyi but was distinguished from the latter by larger amounts of the esters. The major compound in the glands of C. viaticus was tridecane, in contrast to the pentadecane of other species. It also contained a branched alkane, 3-methyltridecane as a major component. Branched-chain esters and a wide variety of acetates were also found in this species. C. diehlii had a limited range of compounds, with branched alkanes almost completely absent and high proportions of pentadecene and dodecyl acetate. C. bombycinus, a sympatric species, but recognized as not belonging to the bicolor group by its different mandibular gland substances, was notable in having butanoate esters in its Dufour glands. Despite these differences among species, both the great variability of individuals from a single colony and the among between conspecific colonies make species diagnosis from a few individuals difficult, in contrast with postpharyngeal glands, which, as recently reported, give a clearer indication of species.     

电力系统中无功补偿装置分类及选择

无功补偿是电力系统广泛采用的改善电网质量、节能降损最经济有效的方法之一,通过对各种自动无功补偿装置的分类比较,介绍了各类无功补偿的优缺点,说明了无功补偿装置的选择方法。     

PTA和CHDM改性聚丁二酸丁二醇酯的性能比较研究

将含有苯环的对苯二甲酸(PTA)和六元环的1,4-环己烷二甲醇(1,4-CHDM)引入PBS分子主链中,得到PBS-co-PTA和PBS-co-CHDM的无规共聚物.1 H-NMR鉴定了共聚物为预期产物,并对共聚物的热性能、结晶性和力学性能进行了对比研究.结果表明:PTA和1,4-CHDM改性后共聚物的结晶度变化截然不同,随着PTA含量的增加,PBS-co-PTA的结晶度、结晶尺寸逐渐增大,同时Tg逐渐降低;而随1,4-CHDM含量的增加,PBS-co-CHDM的结晶度和结晶尺寸却减小,Tg逐渐上升.当1,4-CHDM增至30%时,其断裂伸长率可达到PBS的3倍,证明了共聚物PBS-co-CHDM比PBS-co-PTA具有更好的柔韧性.     

WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT AND APPORTIONMENT OF POLLUTION SOURCES OF TIGRIS RIVER (TURKEY) USING MULTIVARIATE STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES—A CASE STUDY

The Tigris is one of the most important transboundary rivers in western Asia and originates in the Toros mountains of the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. Multivariate statistical techniques, such as cluster analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA) and factor analysis (FA), were applied for the evaluation of temporal/spatial variations and the interpretation of a water quality data set for the Tigris River, which was obtained during 1 year of monitoring. This study presents the usefulness of multivariate statistical techniques for the evaluation and interpretation of complex water quality data sets and apportionment of pollution sources/factors to obtain better information about water quality and the design of a monitoring network for the effective management of water resources. Hierarchical CA grouped 12 months into two periods (the first and second periods) and classified seven monitoring sites into three groups, that is, less polluted sites, medium polluted sites and highly polluted sites, based on similarities in the water quality characteristics. PCA/FA identified five factors in the data structure, which explained 77.5% of the total variance of the data set. This allowed us to group the selected parameters according to common features and to evaluate the influence of each group on the overall variation in water quality. Varifactors obtained from the factor analysis indicated that the parameters responsible for water quality variation were mainly related to soluble salts (natural), organic pollution and nutrients (anthropogenic). Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于正态区间估计的改进型无量纲化方法

针对综合评价指标无量纲化问题,现有方法虽然考虑了评价的实际需要,但没有考虑评价值异常点对综合评价的影响,以致可能出现某个评价值异常性较大,而导致评价错误的结果。提出了一种基于正态区间估计的改进型无量纲化方法,利用正态区间估计的方法给出异常评价值的定义规则和处理规则,按照规则对评价值异常点进行辨识和修正,采用标准化方法对评价值进行无量纲化,提高评价值之间的区分度。经算例分析表明,该方法可行有效。     

飞机模型带动力风洞实验高功率密度电机研制

针对飞机模型带动力风洞实验要求驱动电机功率大、尺寸小和转速高的特点，结合某型号飞机实验用16kW电机的研制，提出了根据电机功率密度要求，通过类比法获得长时工作制电机的发热时间常数，计算获得短时工作制条件下电机的初步额定功率，进行电磁及结构优化设计和发热校核，最后进行电机轴的强度和刚度校核设计，同时介绍了地面空载和负载实验方法。     

桥式超导限流器与电力系统距离保护配合问题研究及算法改进

随着对超导限流技术研究的不断深入,与电网匹配运行的问题被提上日程.针对桥式超导限流器与继电保护的配合问题进行研究,从理论上分析了桥式超导故障限流器对距离保护的影响;同时结合微机保护的特点,提出了一种从微机保护的算法中剔除投入超导限流器后所带来的影响的新算法.并通过EMTDC/PSCAD仿真,验证了该算法的有效性,从实际应用的角度提出了一种解决超导限流器与微机距离保护相配合的新思路.     

智能机器人路径规划及算法研究

路径规划技术是机器人控制技术研究中的一个重要问题,目前的研究主要分为全局规划方法和局部规划方法两大类。在对一些较有代表性的研究思想及其相关算法分析的基础上,比较各种方法的优缺点,提出了机器人路径规划今后的研究重点。     

钢丝热处理用大功率高频感应电源的研制

介绍一种钢丝热处理用的高频感应加热电源。该电源采用新型的频率跟踪法，有效地克服了不同规格钢丝加热过程中负载参数变化对输出电流的影响，使主功率开关始终工作于准零电流状态。设计制作了30kHz／50kw的高频感应热处理电源，它具有热处理速度快、钢丝品质可控、生产过程连续、效率高、体积小等特点。     

单矢量传感器的互谱估计与方位估计

单矢量传感器的互谱估计,将时域随机过程变换成了频域随机变量.该变量的统计特性,使得各向同性噪声场影响具有更加明确的物理解释.给出了互谱估计一、二阶矩和一维概率密度函数.由于拾取了振速信息,单个矢量传感器便能获得目标方位的最大似然估计.基于互谱估计的统计特性,给出了方位估计概率密度函数的通解形式,在纯噪声和高信噪比两种极端情况下推导了方位估计的数字特征.对低信噪比的方位有偏现象做出了解释,对高信噪比的判别条件给出了定量描述.理论分析与仿真结果一致,从而为湖海实验研究预备了统计知识.